普通小麦与粗山羊草正反杂交研究  

Reciprocal crosses of Triticum aestivum and Aegilops tauschii

作　　者：张海泉[1] 杨虹[1] 郎杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北经贸大学生物科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期33-38,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：河北省科学技术研究与发展指导计划项目"微卫星标记小麦野生资源抗病基因及抗病基因的利用"(05225510)

摘　　要：[目的] 研究普通小麦与粗山羊草杂交后的成胚率、成苗率及F1代的田间表现,为提高小麦的杂交成功率提供参考。[方法] 以小麦矮败不育系（RH/CS）、中国春、辽春10号3个春性小麦及济南17和济麦20 2个冬性小麦为供试小麦材料,Y122、Y212、Y215为3个粗山羊草材料,先以小麦为母本,粗山羊草为父本构建正交组合,并在去雄后1～5d连续授粉,分析授粉次数对授粉率的影响,再以粗山羊草为母本,普通小麦为父本构建反交组合,分析各组合下胚、胚乳的形成情况;对正交组合进行幼胚拯救后,统计各组合的成胚率和成苗率;并将幼苗移至大田中,观察F1代的田间表现。[结果] 小麦反交组合的授粉率（70.32%）远高于正交组合（8.51%）,但正交和反交组合均未能形成种子,需要幼胚拯救才能获得后代;重复授粉可以提高授粉率;正交时春麦或者冬麦做母本对胚的形成和成苗率没有影响;胚培养最佳时间为13～18d;组培苗移入大田后成活率极低,仅为5.20%;杂交F1代成活单株有效分蘖数平均为263个。[结论] 普通小麦×粗山羊草杂交后授粉2～3次,并于13～18d进行胚培养,可以提高杂交成功率。[Objective]This study investigated embryo rate,seedling rate and F1 performance in field of reciprocal crosses of common wheat and Aegilops tauschii to provide reference for improving hybridization success rate.[Method]Three spring wheat varieties（the wheat dwarf male sterile lines（RH/CS）,Chinese spring,and Liaochun 10）and two winter wheat varieties（Jinan 17 and Jimai 20）were selected to cross with three tauschii materials（Y122,Y212,and Y215）.First,common wheat varieties were used as female parent and Aegilops tauschii varieties were used as male parent to construct orthogonal combinations.Within the 1-5consecutive days of after emasculation,pollination was conducted and the effects of pollination times on pollination rate were analyzed.Then,common wheat varieties were used as male parent and Aegilops tauschii varieties were used as female parent.The formation of embryo and endosperm was analyzed.After embryo rescue,the embryo rate and seedling rate were calculated and the seedlings were moved to field for observation of F1 generation performance.[Result]Reciprocal cross combinations had much higher pollination rate（70.32%）than orthogonal combinations（8.51%）.Both orthogonal and reciprocal crosses failed to form a seed,and embryo rescue was required to obtain offsprings.Repeated pollination improved the pollination rate.Female parent had no effects on embryo formation and seedling rate of orthogonal combinations.Best time for embryo culturing was 13-18 days.The survival rate of tissue culture plant-lets moved to field was as low as 5.20%.The number of tillers per plant was 263.[Conclusion]Hybridization of common wheat and Aegilops tauschii could be improved by pollination for 2-3times and culturing embryo for 13-18 d.

关 键 词：小麦 粗山羊草 正反杂交 幼胚拯救 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S332.2