滴水湖沉积物中重金属季节变化及其潜在生态风险评价  

Seasonal Variation of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment of the Dishui Lake and Its Potential Ecological Risk

作　　者：刘超[1] 毕春娟[1] 陶征楷[1] 陈振楼[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理科学学院地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《城市环境与城市生态》2016年第2期38-42,46,共6页Urban Environment & Urban Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271472);上海市科委社会发展重点项目(12231201900);上海市自然科学基金项目(12ZR1409000);华东师范大学大型仪器设备开放基金项目(43240018)

摘　　要：上海市滴水湖作为目前国内在滩涂上开挖的最大的人工湖泊承载着重要的景观生态功能,研究滴水湖表层沉积物中重金属的季节变化和影响因素,对城市人工湖泊的环境监测与保护具有十分重要的借鉴意义。通过样品测定、单因子方差分析和主成分分析等方法分析了滴水湖表层沉积物中7种重金属的含量水平和季节变化趋势,探讨了其影响因子,并评估了重金属的潜在生态风险。结果显示,4个季节沉积物中的Hg、Zn、Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb和As的平均含量分别为0.17、86.28、77.12、0.17、29.35、19.11和6.97 mg/kg;沉积物中5种有毒重金属均具有显著的季节性差异。Hg、Cd、Cr和As含量从春季到秋季逐渐增长,Pb无显著规律。滴水湖沉积物中的重金属主要受有机质、粒径、总磷和总氮等因素影响。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,滴水湖4个季节中Hg的生态风险较高,Cd为中等生态风险,滴水湖沉积物重金属总体为中等风险。The Dishui Lake of Shanghai, the largest artificial lake in the tidal flat in China, plays an important role in ecology landscape. This paper not only analyzed the spatial and seasonal variations of Hg, Zn, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and As in the surface sediment of the Dishui Lake, but also deeply discussed the influential factors. A variety of methods were used including sample determination, one-way ANOVA and factor analysis. Results showed that the average contents of Hg, Zn, Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and As in the surface sediment were 0.17, 86.28, 77.12, 0.17, 29.35, 19.11 and 6.97 mg/kg,respectively. Seasonal variations of those heavy metals in the sediment were prominent. The contents of Hg, Cd, Cr and As increased from spring to autumn except Pb. Those heavy metals in sediment were influenced by the sediment grain size, contents of organic matter, TP and TN. The result of the Hakanson ecological risk index method showed that the lake had a higher ecological risk for Hg contamination in four seasons. There was a medium ecological risk for Cd. As a whole, the Dishui Lake had a medium ecological risk.

关 键 词：沉积物 重金属 季节变化 影响因子 生态风险 滴水湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]