家蚕多代食性歧化选择对后代摄食性和经济性状的影响  

Effects on Posterity 's Feeding Habit and Economic Traits After Multi-generation Feeding Habit Disruptive Selection of Silkworm,Bombyx mori

作　　者：兰凤杰 张升祥[1] 王洪江[1] 程洋[1] 吴亚群[1] 王洪利[1] 刘庆信[1] 崔为正[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2016年第2期243-254,共12页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22);山东省自然科学基金项目(No.ZR2011CM013)

摘　　要：利用桑叶粉含量不同的人工饲料饲养及全龄桑叶饲养2种方式,调查由菁松A、菁松B、皓月A、皓月B等4个家蚕品系定向选出的高食性和低食性新品系及高食性品系杂交组合的主要实用性状,以探讨连续多代食性选择对后代摄食性和经济性状的影响。用桑叶粉质量分数为10%～40%的平板饲料饲育,高食性品系的疏毛率达92%～100%,其中菁松A和菁松B的高食性品系与低食性品系相比,疏毛率最大相差分别达到100%和94%;用不含桑叶粉的人工饲料饲养皓月B的高食性品系,其疏毛率达93.3%,而菁松A低食性品系对所有配方的饲料几乎都不取食。用含10%桑叶粉的颗粒饲料饲养高食性品系杂交组合R菁松×R皓月,其摄食性和适应性显著优于对照菁松×皓月。不同食性品系全龄桑叶育试验结果表明：蚕体质量总体上是高食性品系大于低食性品系和对照品系;全龄发育经过高食性品系有不同程度缩短,而低食性品系延长;全茧量和茧层量多数是高食性品系高于低食性品系和对照品系,但茧层率大多是高食性品系低于低食性品系和对照品系;不同食性品系之间生命率的差异不明显。对F1代的产茧量和茧丝品质鉴定表明：在全龄桑叶育条件下,高食性R菁松×R皓月的产茧量和茧丝长、出丝率、洁净、纤度等指标与对照菁松×皓月比较均不存在显著差异,而解舒率和解舒丝长极显著高于对照;在1～2龄人工饲料育、3～5龄桑叶育的条件下,R菁松×R皓月的上述各项指标均不同程度优于对照菁松×皓月。试验结果说明,食性选择不仅能显著改变家蚕对人工饲料的摄食性,而且对家蚕的生长发育、产茧量和茧丝品质也有不同程度影响,向高食性方向选育不会导致产茧量、茧丝品质和生命率的下降,但有可能引起茧层率降低。因此,在通过食性系统选择培育人工饲料适应性家蚕品种的过程中,应同时注重茧层For the exploration of the effects on feeding habit（ FH） and economic traits of silkworm（ Bombyx mori） after continuous multi-generation feeding habit selection,we investigated the major practical characteristics of the new mulberry strains of high FH and low FH bred from Jingsong A,Jingsong B,Haoyue A and Haoyue B by means of directional selection and the new hybrid combinations of high FH after feeding with artificial diet（ AD） containing different amounts of mulberry leaf powder during the 1st-2nd instars and with mulberry leaf during the whole larval stage. The setae dispersion rates（ SDR） ranged from92% to 100% in the four selected high FH strains fed with plate diet containing 10%- 40% mulberry leaf powder,and the maximum difference of SDR were 100% and 94% between the high FH strain and low FH strain of Jingsong A and Jingsong B respectively. The SDR reached 93. 3% in high FH strain of Haoyue B fed with artificial diet without mulberry leaf powder,while the low FH strains of Jingsong A scarcely took the diet of all formulations. The FH and adaptability of hybrid combination RJingsong × RHaoyue having high FH fed with pellet diet containing 10% mulberry leaf powder were significantly inferior to those of the control hybrid combination Jingsong × Haoyue. After being fed with mulberry leaf during the whole larval stage,the rearing results of various FH strains showed that most high FH strains had higher body weight,shorter developmental duration of all instars at different levels（ extended developmental duration of all instars were observed in low FH strains）,higher cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight,and lower cocoon shell rate than those of low FH strains and control strains. There was no significant difference in survival rate among different FH strains. The identification results of cocoon yield and silk quality of F1 generation showed that there were no significant difference in character indexes including cocoon yield,cocoon filament length,raw silk rate,neatness and filament siz

关 键 词：家蚕 食性 歧化选择 经济性状 人工饲料 

分 类 号：S883.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]