5种双酰胺类杀虫剂对家蚕的毒性比较和安全性评价  

Toxicity Com parison and Safety Evaluation of Five Diam ide Insecticides to Silkworm,Bombyx mori

作　　者：陈伟国[1] 戴建忠[1] 董瑞华[1] 孙海燕[1] 杨一平[1] 张芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省海宁市蚕桑技术服务站,浙江海宁314400

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2016年第2期288-293,共6页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-22)

摘　　要：氟苯虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺及其复配制剂的不断推出,使以鱼尼丁受体为靶标的双酰胺类杀虫剂在生产中得到广泛应用。明确此类杀虫剂对家蚕的毒性,有利于在蚕区其他农作物害虫防治时选择对家蚕相对安全的农药产品。测定5种双酰胺类杀虫剂对家蚕的经口急性毒性以及在桑叶上的残留毒性和在桑树中的内吸传导毒性,结果表明:12%甲维·氟酰胺ME、200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、10%阿维·氟酰胺SC、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪WG、10%四氯虫酰胺SC对3龄起蚕的24 h LC50分别为0.007 6、0.009 6、0.009 8、0.024 7和0.073 0 mg/L,5种双酰胺类杀虫剂对家蚕均为剧毒级;将5种双酰胺类杀虫剂的推荐使用浓度药液直接喷洒桑叶,对3龄起蚕的残毒期均>80 d;200 g/L氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、40%氯虫·噻虫嗪WG可通过桑叶和桑根内吸传导至未喷施药液的桑叶,12%甲维·氟酰胺ME、10%阿维·氟酰胺SC、10%四氯虫酰胺SC无内吸传导毒性。依据试验结果建议:(1)禁止在桑园周围农作物中使用上述5种杀虫剂;(2)必须使用此类杀虫剂时,宜选用对家蚕急性毒性相对较低,且无内吸传导毒性的10%四氯虫酰胺SC;(3)喷药时间应与蚕期保持安全间隔,防止药液飘移污染桑叶。With the continuous development of flubendiamide,chlorantraniliprole,tetrachlorantraniliprole and their mixed compounds,diamide insecticides-targeted ryanodine receptor have been widely used. Understanding the toxicity of these insecticides to silkworm（ Bombyx mori） would facilitate to choose safe pesticides for controlling pests of other crops in silkworm raising area. The acute peroral toxicity,residual toxicity in mulberry leaves and internal transmission toxicity of these 5 diamide insecticides to silkworm were measured. The results showed that the LC50 of 12% emamectin·flubendiamide ME,200 g /L chlorantraniliprole SC,10% avermectin·flubendiamide SC,40% chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam WG and 10% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC to the third instar newly exuviated silkworm larvae at 24 h was 0. 007 6,0. 009 6,0. 009 8,0. 024 7 and 0. 073 0 mg / L respectively,being insecticides of virulent toxicity grade. The residual toxicity duration of these five diamide insecticides to silkworm was more than 80 days after directly spraying on mulberry leaves with the recommended concentration. 200 g / L chlorantraniliprole SC and 40% chlorantraniliprole·thiamethoxam WG can be transferred to un-sprayed mulberry leaves via systemic transmission of mulberry leaf and root,while 12% emamectin·flubendiamide ME,10% avermectin·flubendiamide SC and 10% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC cannot be absorbed and transferred after spraying on mulberry leaves. These results suggested that spraying of these five diamide insecticides should be prohibited in other host plants planted around mulberry gardens. If necessary,10% tetrachlorantraniliprole SC（ low acute toxicity and no penetration translocation toxicity） is suitable to be used. A safe time interval should be kept between insecticide spraying andsilkworm rearing to avoid mulberry leaves from being poisoned by drifting.

关 键 词：杀虫剂 双酰胺 家蚕 经口急性毒性 内吸传导毒性 残留毒性 

分 类 号：S884.96[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]