皮革高效脱脂:I.制革过程中皮内油脂成分随处理工序的变化及其对脱脂效果的影响  

High Efficiency Degreasing in Leather Processing: Part I Change of Lipid Components during Processing and its Impact on Degreasing Effects

作　　者：黄偲[1,2] 屈莎莎[1,2] 林蒋[2] 彭必雨[1,3,2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学制革清洁技术国家工程实验室,四川成都610065 [2]四川大学轻纺与食品学院,四川成都610065 [3]四川大学皮革化学与工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610065

出　　处：《皮革科学与工程》2016年第2期43-49,共7页Leather Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAE02B01)

摘　　要：考察了皮内油脂成分随着存放条件和制革工序发生的变化及各工序中乳化脱脂效果。结果表明,随原料皮存放条件的变化和制革工序的进行,皮内油脂物中脂肪酸含量升高,特别是脱灰、软化工序,脂肪酸产生量显著增加;浸灰后的各工序中,有较多钙皂产生,铬鞣中有铬皂形成;在软化和浸酸工序中,常规脱脂剂对脂肪酸和钙皂的脱除效果较差。因此,在不同的制革工序中应针对不同油脂成分选用适合的脱脂剂和脱脂方法。The change of lipid components in pigskins with storage conditions and beamhouse processes was investigated,and the degreasing effectiveness with emulsifying degreasing agents in varying processing was also evaluated. The results show that the content of fatty acids of extracted lipids from pigskins increases with the increasing storage temperature and time, and the acid value of lipid significantly rises with beamhouse processing, especially after deliming; a quite large amount of calcium soap is produced in liming and the following processes, while chrome soaps is also produced in chrome tanning; the poor efficiency of removing fatty acids and metal soaps of conventional emulsifying degreasing agents results in poor degreasing effectiveness in bating and pickling processes. Hence, the correct and differentiated choice of degreasers and degreasing methods based on the change of lipid components in different leather-making processes is a prerequisite for achieving high efficiency degreasing.

关 键 词：皮革脱脂 油脂成分 金属皂 

分 类 号：TS541[轻工技术与工程—皮革化学与工程]