2010～2011年广西新诊断尘肺病发病特征分析  

Analysis on occurrence characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in Guangxi from 2010 to 2011

作　　者：邵春华[1] 张久红[1] 汤俊豪[1] 白梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院质量控制科,南宁市530021

出　　处：《广西医学》2016年第3期372-375,415,共5页Guangxi Medical Journal

基　　金：广西医药卫生科研课题(Z2010482)

摘　　要：目的探讨广西尘肺病发病特点，为有效防控尘肺病提出相关对策。方法对广西2010～2011年新诊断503例尘肺病例的临床资料以及工种、行业、地理分布等资料进行分析。结果广西2010～2011年新诊断尘肺病503例，其中一期尘肺388例（77．14％）、二期尘肺80例（15．90％）、三期尘肺35例（6．96％）；其中矽肺450例（89．46％）。接尘工龄≤15年新尘肺病例占75．55％；一期尘肺病接尘工龄为（12．37±10．21）年。新发尘肺病主要集中于中小型企业和私营企业，共占新发尘肺病的68．79％。河池、南宁为新发尘肺病与矽肺病例发生的主要城市，共占新诊断尘肺病例和矽肺病例的74．16％和76．22％；有色金属矿采业为新发尘肺病和矽肺病病例分布的主要行业，分别占新诊断尘肺病例和矽肺病例的65．21％和71．33％；新发尘肺病主要发生于粉尘危害较严重的粉（破）碎工和凿岩工等采矿工种，占统计工种的89．86％。结论广西尘肺病仍然处于高发趋势，需加强对开展有色金属矿山开采业的中小企业特剐是私营企业尘肺病防治，同时加强对务工人员的尘肺病防治知识宣传、职业健康检查和对高危地区、高危行业、高危工种的执法监督。Objective To explore the occurrence characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi, and thus to provide the relevant countermeasures for the effective prevention and control of pneumoconiosis. Methods The clinical data, and the distributions of work category,industry and geography of 503 cases newly diagnosed as pneumoconiosis in Guangxi from 2010 to 2011 were analyzed. Results A total of 503 eases were newly diagnosed as pneumoconiosis in Guangxi from 2010 to 2011 ,including 388 cases of stage Ⅰ （77.14%） , 80 cases of stage Ⅱ （ 15.90% ） and 35 cases of stage Ⅲ（ 6.96% ）. And of all cases ,450 cases （ 89.46% ） were diagnosed as silicosis. The new-onset cases with the duration of exposure to dust ≤ 15 years accounted for 75.55% , and the duration of exposure to dust was （12.37- 10.21 ）years in the cases with stage I. New-onset pneumoconiosis mainly occurred in small and medium-scale enterprises and private enterprises ,accounting for 68.79% of all new-onset pneumoconiosis cases. The new-onset pneumoconiosis and silicosis mainly existed in Heehi and Nanning,accounting for 74.16% of all new-onset pneumoconiosis cases and 76.22% of all new-onset silicosis cases respectively. The new-onset pneumoconiosis and silicosis mainly distributed in the mining industry of non-ferrous metal, accounting for 65.21% of all new-onset pneumoconiosis cases and 71.33% of all new-onset silicosis cases respectively. The new-onset pneumoconiosis mainly occurred in the work categories producing serious powder dust,such as breaker/burster and driller, accounting for 89.86% of all work categories. Conclusion The incidence of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi still tends to be high. The prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis should be strengthened in the small and medium-scale enterprises, especially private enterprises developing mining industry of non-ferrous metal. The propaganda of pneumoconiosis prevention knowledge, and occupational health examination for workers should be strengthened at the same time. The law en

关 键 词：尘肺 矽肺 发病特点 新发 广西 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]