中东战略的支点：俄罗斯地缘外交中的叙利亚  

Strategic Fulcrum in the Middle East,Russia's Geopolitical Diplomacy in Syria

作　　者：毕洪业[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中亚研究中心 [2]上海外国语大学俄罗斯研究中心

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2016年第2期23-35,156,共13页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：作者主持的国家社科基金规划项目“乌克兰危机冲击下的俄罗斯与欧洲关系及中国的应对研究”(批准号:15BGJ052)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：冷战结束后,俄罗斯在短暂徘徊后加快了重返中东的步伐,莫斯科和大马士革的关系重新得到加强,叙利亚在俄罗斯中东战略中的地位也愈加突出。在叙利亚危机问题上,俄罗斯多次展示了对阿萨德政权的高调支持,甚至不惜冒与西方国家对抗的危险而以反恐名义直接出兵,表明莫斯科在叙利亚有着重大利益。事实上,无论是叙利亚局势的危急现状还是俄罗斯国内的窘迫形势,都要求普京必须在短期内作出果断决定来扭转局势和振奋士气,而"伊斯兰国"的肆虐自然成为最好的理由。普京抓住时机的大胆举动在道义、军事和政治上都取得了初步成功,而美国在中东地区正经受军事、政治和信誉上的损失和考验,不仅华盛顿主导下的叙利亚游戏规则要重写,中东的地缘政治生态也可能由此进入调整期。After the Cold War,Syria in Russia's Middle East strategy becomes increasingly prominent. During the Syrian crisis,Russia has showed firm support for Bashar Assad's regime. Russia sent its army to Syria in the name of fighting against terrorism. In fact,both the serious situation in Syria and Russia's bad economy force Putin assertively to turn things around and build morale in the short term whereas the brutal islamic state naturally becomes the best excuse for that. Therefore, whether morally, militarily or politically,Putin's timely bold move has achieved initial success while the United States' reputation is losing and testing in the Middle East in ways of military and politics,because the rules of the game in Syria dominated under Washington need not only to be rewritten,but also the geopolitical ecology in the Middle East will step into a period of adjustment.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 美国 叙利亚危机 伊斯兰国 中东战略 

分 类 号：D851.2[政治法律—政治学] D815.4[政治法律—外交学]