可复现正面碰撞三向加速度台车的开发  

Development of Sled Capable of Reproducing Three-direction Accelerations in Frontal Impact Test

作　　者：曹立波[1] 崔崇桢[1,2] 朱结 白中浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,长沙410082 [2]宇通客车股份有限公司,郑州450061

出　　处：《汽车工程》2016年第3期288-295,301,共9页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2012AA111802)资助

摘　　要：针对一般台车碰撞试验只能复现实车碰撞中的X向加速度的问题,开发了一种新型正面碰撞台车。该台车可以安装各种试验车型的车身结构,并将轴距和轮距调整到与实车一致。通过改变台车前部的吸能结构布置形式,可以复现不同的碰撞加速度波形。建立了台车碰撞仿真模型,并进行有限元分析,以模拟实车正面刚性壁障碰撞和40%偏置碰撞试验工况,研究了台车质心高度、前部吸能结构参数与布置形式和刚性壁障形式对X,Y和Z三向加速度的影响。仿真结果表明,该台车可以较好地复现实车碰撞X,Y和Z 3个方向的加速度和整车动态特性。利用试制完成的台车进行了正面刚性壁障碰撞试验,结果显示台车碰撞加速度和运动状态与实车基本吻合。In view of the problem that traditional sled impact test can only reproduce the X-direction acceleration of vehicle body in frontal impact test,a new frontal crash sled is developed,on which various body structures of experimental vehicle can be installed,and its wheel base and track can be adjusted to coincide with the vehicle.By changing the layout of the frontal energy absorbing structure of the sled,a variety of impact acceleration waveforms can be reproduced. A crash simulation model for the sled is built,a finite element analysis is conducted to simulate the frontal rigid barrier crash and 40% overlap offset impact,and the effects of the mass center height,frontal energy absorbing structural parameters and the configuration of the sled as well as the forms of rigid barrier on the accelerations in X,Y and Z three directions are studied. The results show that the new sled can better reproduce three-direction accelerations and the kinematic characteristics of the vehicle and a frontal rigid barrier impact test with the sled made demonstrates that the impact accelerations and motion states of the sled agree well with that of real vehicle.

关 键 词：碰撞台车 加速度复现 正面碰撞 偏置碰撞 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]