利用特定基因监测小规模畜禽保种群遗传多样性变化的研究  

Monitoring Temporal Changes of Genetic Diversity of Small Domestic Animal Population under Conservation Program by Specific Gene Related to Breed Characteristics

作　　者：张萌萌[1] 兰露莎 陈业[1,3] 朱穆真 李文婷[1] 袁文燕[1] 全裕军 吴克亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [2]贵州医科大学实验动物中心,贵州贵阳550004 [3]西南大学荣昌校区,重庆荣昌402460

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2016年第7期16-22,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

摘　　要：利用计算机模拟技术,观测特定基因在小规模畜禽保种群体中基因频率的变化,进而探讨畜禽保种群体遗传多样性的变化规律,为畜禽品种资源特定的种质特性保护提供科学依据和理论支持。运用Fotran90程序模拟重建Buri经典果蝇实验的保种过程,以基因频率、F-statistics和杂合度为度量指标,观测特定基因在保种世代推进过程中保种群体内和群体间遗传多样性的变化;随后,通过OMPG(one-migration-per-generation)原则研究迁移对畜禽保种群体遗传多样性的维持效应。结果发现,保种群体的遗传多样性总体趋势随保种世代的延长而逐代降低,具体表现群体分化程度加剧:Fst,Fit从初始世代0.0421,0.0011,上升到19世代的0.3885,0.3305,上升幅度高达89.16%和99.67%;杂合度降低:群体hi,hs从初始世代0.4994,0.4790下降到19世代0.3347,0.3057,下降幅度达32.98%和36.18%;而后利用OMPG原则操作保种群体,群体分化程度减弱:Fst,Fit从操作OMPG原则后初始世代0.3667,0.3504,下降到19世代的0.2341,0.1944,下降幅度达36.16%和44.52%;杂合度回升:群体hi,hs从操作OMPG原则后初始世代的0.3248,0.3166,上升到19世代的0.4025,0.3826,回升幅度分别达23.92%和20.84%。结论遗传漂变效应导致群体内遗传多样性丢失,OMPG原则输入效应可抵消小保种群体的遗传衰退,维持保种群体遗传多样性的稳定性。The computer simulation technology was utilized to observ e the changes of the specific gene frequency in a small-scale livestock conservation groups, and then the genetic diversity in livestock species. Finally, this article aims to provide the scientific base and theoretical support for the protection of the animal genetic resources ′ specificgermplasm characteristics. This study used fotran 90 to simulate and rebuild the classical Buri ′ s Drosophila experiment′ s conservation process, and utilize measure index- Gene frequency, F-statiistics, Heterozygosity to measure the variation of within and between populations genetic diversity in the process of specific gene in the storage generation. Subsequently, OMPG（one-migration-per-generation） rule was used to research the maintaining effect that migration affects the livestock conservation groups ′ genetic diversity. The overall trend in conservation groups genetic diversity, with the extension of conservation generations, is reducing gradually, Specificlly, the degree in population differentiation increased： Fst, Fit, from the initial generation： 0.0421, 0.0011, rising to 19 generations： 0.3885,0.3305, rises as high as 89.16% and 99.67%; heterozygosity reduction： hi, hs, from the initial generation： 0.4994,0.4790, declining to 19 generation： 0.3347, 0.3057, decreases to 32.98% and 36.18% respectively; then by utilizing the OMPG principles to operate species groups and found that the degree of population differentiation weaken： Fst, Fit,from the initial generation after operating the OMPG principle ： 0. 3667, 0. 3504, declining to 19 generations after operating OMPG principle 0.2341, 0.1944, decreases to 36.16 % and 44.52%, respectively; Heterozygosity rised： hi, hs,from the initial generation after operating the OMPG principle： 0.3248, 0.3166, rising to 19 generations after operating OMPG principle： 0.4025, 0.3826, rises as high as 23.92% and 20.84%, respectively Effect of genetic drift leads to a loss of genetic diversity within

关 键 词：计算机模拟 遗传多样性 保种 畜禽品种种质资源 

分 类 号：S814.2[农业科学—畜牧学]