长江干流饮用水水源环境风险评价与管理初探  

Study on environmental risk assessment and managements of drinking water sources of Yangtze River main stream

作　　者：孙宏亮[1] 刘伟江[1] 文一[1] 姚瑞华[1] 孙运海[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境规划院,北京100012

出　　处：《人民长江》2016年第7期6-9,101,共5页Yangtze River

摘　　要：为了控制长江干流饮用水水源地环境风险并探索水源地安全管理办法,针对长江干流涵盖31城市、146个地表水水源地以及247家化工企业的实际情况,采用层次分析法和矩阵法,建立饮用水水源环境风险评价指标体系,分析评价了长江干流各饮用水水源地潜在环境风险等级。分析结果表明,长江干流饮用水水源环境风险等级为很高、高、中、低、较低的水源地分别占总数的2.7%,3.4%,21.2%,15.8%和56.7%,环境风险很高的城市为苏州市,其次为荆州、无锡、武汉、南通等市,风险很低的城市为池州市及重庆辖属的区县。针对风险评价结果,提出风险分级管控、提高风险抵御能力、降低风险源危害程度,建立区域联防机制以及加强生态修复与水土保持、加强沿江码头及危险品运输监管等对策建议。In order to control the environment risk of drinking water sources area along the main Yangtze River and explore safety management method for drinking water sources area,aiming at 31 cities,146 surface drinking water sources areas and 247 chemical enterprises along the main Yangtze River,the evaluation index system for environmental risk of drinking water sources was established by using AHP method and matrix method,and the potential environmental risk level of the water sources areas was analyzed and evaluated.The analysis and evaluation results show that the risk level of the drinking water sources area are in the 5 grades（ very high,high,medium,low,lower）,accounting for 2.7%,3.4%,21.2%,15.8% and 56.7% respectively;the high-risk cities are Suzhou,followed by Jingzhou,Wuxi,Wuhan and Nantong; the lower-risk cities are Chizhou and the districts and counties of Chongqing Municipality.According to the risk assessment results,the risk classification management measures are suggested,such as the leveled risk control and management,improving risk resistance capability,reducing the harm degree of risk source,establishing a regional defense mechanism and strengthening ecological restoration,water and soil conservation and the supervision-controlling of wharf and dangerous chemicals transport etc.

关 键 词：饮用水水源地 环境风险 层次分析 水安全管理 长江干流 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]