玉米倒伏与植株农艺性状和病虫害发生关系的研究  

Relationship between Maize Lodging Resistance and Agronomic Traits,Plant Diseases,and Insect Pests

作　　者：王亮[1] 丰光[1] 李妍妍[1] 景希强[1] 黄长玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]丹东农业科学院,辽宁凤城118109 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2016年第2期83-88,共6页Crops

基　　金：辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划(2014009)

摘　　要：以玉米品种先玉335、丹玉336、郑单958和迪卡516为试验材料,采用3种密度、3次重复的试验设计,研究茎秆质量性状、农艺性状、病虫害发生与倒伏的关系。相关分析结果表明:植株倒伏率与穗位、重心高度、茎腐病、玉米螟虫发生和种植密度呈极显著正相关;与株高、节间长度和纹枯病发生呈显著正相关;与茎秆拉力、穿刺强度、折断强度和茎粗呈极显著负相关;与压碎强度和气生根层数呈显著负相关。茎秆质量性状可作为玉米倒伏的直接评价指标,穗位、重心高度和种植密度可作为玉米倒伏的间接评价指标。通径分析结果表明:密度、重心高度、茎粗和茎秆拉力4个性状对倒伏性起主要作用,密度指标对倒伏性的直接通径系数最大,达到0.8366,重心高度的直接通径系数为0.5490,茎粗和茎秆拉力的直接通径系数也很大。Four maize hybrids including Xianyu 335,Danyu 336,Zhengdan 958 and Dika 516 were chosen as the materials to do experiment designed by three replications and three planting density in this study. The relationship between stem quality,agronomic traits,plant diseases,occurrence of insect pests and the lodging resistance was analyzed. The results showed that ear height,gravity height,stalk rot,Asia maize borer and planting density were significantly positively correlated with lodging resistance at 0.01 level; plant height,inter node length and sheath blight were significantly positively correlated with lodging resistance at 0.05 level; stem pull,puncture strength,fracture strength and stem diameter were significantly negatively correlated at 0.01 level; crush strength and the number of supporting roots were significantly negatively correlated at 0.05 level. Stem quality traits could be directly used to evaluate maize lodging resistance; ear height,center of gravity height and planting density could be indirectly used to evaluate maize lodging resistance. Based on path analysis,the results showed that the plant density,gravity center height,stem diameter and stem pull strength played a leading role in the lodging resistance; the direct path coefficient of density on lodging resistance was the maximum with a value of 0.8366; that of gravity center height on lodging resistance was the second with a value of 0.5490; that of stem diameter and pull strength was greater.

关 键 词：玉米 倒伏 农艺性状 相关分析 通径分析 

分 类 号：S435.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]