大豆生育期间抗倒伏性状变化规律的研究  

Studies on the Regulation of Lodging Traits Variation during Soybean Growth Stages

作　　者：张东来[1] 徐瑶[1] 王家睿[1] 刘博[1,2] 张锐[1] 龚振平[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]北大荒垦丰种业股份有限公司,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《作物杂志》2016年第2期112-117,共6页Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD11B01);黑龙江省重大科技招标项目(GA14B101)

摘　　要：抗倒伏性是大豆高产稳产研究的重要内容。选用黑农37和黑农42两个大豆品种为试验材料,在25万和35万株/hm^2密度条件下,对不同生育时期大豆茎秆的形态指标、茎秆基部挫折力等力学特性进行测定,较系统地研究了大豆生育期间抗倒伏性状变化规律。结果表明,大豆生育期间,随着株高和单株鲜重的变化,植株重力力矩呈单峰曲线变化,R_5-R_6期达到峰值,茎粗和茎秆基部挫折力也呈现相同的变化规律;而抗倒伏系数是大豆茎秆力学特性的综合表现,呈现U型变化,在R_5-R_6期最小,表明该期间最易倒伏;大豆株高、单株鲜重、植株重力力矩与抗倒伏系数呈极显著负相关,大豆茎粗、基部茎秆挫折力、弹性模量与抗倒伏系数呈极显著正相关,表明大豆株高越低、单株鲜重越小、重力力矩越小、茎粗越粗、茎秆挫折力及弹性模量越大,大豆抗倒伏性越强。供试的两种密度条件下,大豆单株鲜重、茎粗、茎秆基部挫折力、重力力矩、抗倒伏系数等性状,35万株/hm^2处理明显低于25万株/hm^2处理,表明随种植密度增加,大豆倒伏风险增大。Lodging resistance was important to soybean high and stable yield. This study selected Heinong 37 and Heinong 42 two varieties as materials,determined morphological traits and mechanical properties during the different growth stages under high and low densities（high level was 350 000 plants/hm^2,low level was 250 000 plants/hm^2）. We systematically studied the regulation of lodging traits variation during soybean growth,and the results showed that,along with the increase of plant height and fresh weight,plants gravitational moment showed an unimodal curve,the peak was in R5-R6 stage,and stem diameter and stem base break force exhibited the same tendency. The soybean lodgingresistant factor was a comprehensive reflection of mechanical properties,presented a U-curve,the minimum was in the R_5-R_6 stage that showed the most vulnerable lodging period was R_5-R_6 stage. Plant height,fresh weight,gravitational moment were significantly negatively correlative with soybean lodging-resistant factor. Stem diameter,stem base break force,elastic modulus were significantly positively correlative with lodging-resistant factor. When the plant height,plant fresh weight,plants gravitational moment were lower and the stem diameter,stem base break force,elastic modulus was higher,the soybean lodging resistance was stronger. The soybean lodging-resistant factor of 350 000 plants/hm^2 was higher than that of 250 000 plants/hm^2,showed that with planting density increasing,the risk of lodging increased.

关 键 词：大豆 抗倒伏系数 茎秆挫折力 种植密度 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]