生物黑炭对赣东北花生产量和红壤酸化的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Peanut Yield and Red Soil Acidification in Northeastern Jiangxi Province

作　　者：余瑞新[1] 欧阳建平[1] 段红霞[1] 夏桂龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省邓家埠水稻原种场农业科学研究所,江西余江335200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第5期163-164,184,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江西省科技支撑项目(20141BBF60050);江西省自然科学基金项目(20151BAB214008)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨花生秸秆源生物黑炭在赣东北地区花生种植中的合理用量。[方法]设4个处理,即对照(不施黑炭)、BC_(20)(20 t/hm2黑炭)、BC_(30)(30 t/hm^2黑炭)、BC_(40)(40 t/hm^2黑炭),研究不同处理下花生产量、土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和p H的变化。[结果]施用生物黑炭可显著提高花生产量和土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾养分含量,与对照相比,BC_(20)、BC_(30)和BC_(40)的花生产量分别提高了12.90%、21.40%和26.80%,土壤有机质含量分别增加了13.90%、18.45%和27.97%,碱解氮含量分别增加了21.58%、43.15%和118.05%,有效磷含量分别提高了28.21%、56.87和74.07%,速效钾含量分别增加了22.57%、36.51%和46.97%;土壤p H分别提高2.62%、4.04%和7.32%,且随着生物黑炭用量的增加,花生产量和土壤肥力呈逐渐增加趋势。[结论]在赣东北地区施用生物黑炭可提高花生产量,较好地阻控红壤酸化。[ Objective ] To find reasonable rate of biochar from peanut straw in northeastern Jiangxi Province. [ Method ] Setting up 4 treatments： CK （no bioehar） ; BC20 （20 t/hm^2 bioehar） ; BC30 （30 t/hm^2 bioehar） ; BC40 （40 t/hm^2 bioehar） , the changes of peanut yield, soil organic matter, pH, available nitrogen, phosphor and potassium contents, in different treatments were analyzed. [ Result ] The results showed that ： the application of bioehar could improve significantly peanut yield, soil organic matter and available nitrogen, phosphor and potassium. Compared with CK, peanut yields in BC20, BC3o and BC40 were increased by 12.9% , 21.4% and 12.9% , respectively; soil organic matter contents were increased by 13.90% , 13.90% and 13.90% , respectively; soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen contents were increased by 21.58%, 43.15% and 21.58% , respectively; soil available phosphorus contents were increased by 28.21% , 56.87 and 74.07% , respectively; soil available potassium contents were increased by 22.57% , 36.51% and 22.57%, respectively. Soil pH values were increased by 2.62% , 4.04% and 7.32% , respectively. Meanwhile, peanut yield and soil fertility were improved gradually with increasing of application rates of the biochar. [ Conclusion ] The application of bioehar in northeastern Jiangxi can improve peanut yield, effectively prevent and control red soil acidification.

关 键 词：生物黑炭 花生 红壤 土壤酸化 

分 类 号：S156.6[农业科学—土壤学]