40年岷山地区白河自然保护区川金丝猴的生境格局动态  

Habitat pattern dynamics of the Golden snub-nosed monkey in Baihe Nature Reserve,Minshan Mountains,China,over the past 40 years

作　　者：李艳忠[1,2,3] 董鑫[4] 刘雪华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]西华师范大学,南充637009

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第7期1803-1814,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家林业局资助项目(401295)

摘　　要：好的生境质量是野生动物生存和繁衍的必备条件,生境质量的变化将对动物的生存产生深远影响,定量客观的评估生境变迁过程显得尤为必要。川金丝猴作为我国一级保护动物,评定其生境质量变化过程有利于制定有效的保护措施。3S技术的不断发展与广泛应用为研究川金丝猴生境格局的动态变化提供了有利的工具。以岷山白河自然保护区为例,利用陆地资源卫星的MSS/TM/OLI遥感影像,并基于专家知识的决策树分类方法对遥感影像进行分类,获取了5个时期的覆被类型空间分布图;根据NDVI与郁闭度的相关性获取了研究区郁闭度的时空变化信息。然后,通过对野外观测数据的数理统计与空间分析,获取了川金丝猴的生活习性特征,并结合AHP方法构建了川金丝猴生境质量的评价体系,对5个时期的生境质量进行了评价,最后定量分析了40年来川金丝猴的生境格局的动态变化趋势。研究表明,近40年来白河自然保护区内及周边的生境经历了由良好到不断恶化,再到逐渐恢复的过程,其中最适宜和适宜生境呈现先降低后逐渐升高的趋势,而不适宜和勉强适宜则表现为先增加后减小的趋势。1975—1982年时段内,各生境等级变化剧烈,尤以最适宜和不适宜等级变化显著,生境质量整体呈恶化趋势;1982—1994年,各生境等级变化剧烈程度较前一时期有所缓和,生境质量得到较大改善,呈良性发展趋势;1994—2003年时段内,研究区内生境质量进一步改善,环境恶化状况得到了缓解;2003—2014年时间段内整体质量改善的速度明显减缓,生境质量达到平衡状态。除1975—2014时段外,前4个时段的各综合变化指标呈现递减趋势,前期生境等级变化剧烈,后期趋缓。气候变化和人为干扰为导致生境变化的主要因素,其中20世纪80年代生境变化与气候变化关系密切,而20世纪90年代之后人为干扰因素明显增加。研究High quality habitat is generally considered an essential factor for the survival and reproduction of wildlife.Changes in habitat quality have significant impacts on wildlife. Therefore,there is a need for an objective and quantitative method that can be used to investigate the dynamics of wildlife habitat change. As a globally recognized endangered species,the Golden snub-nosed monkey（ Rhinopithecus roxellana） has become one of the animals under first-class state protection in China. However,habitat loss and fragmentation,caused by anthropogenic activities and climate change,has seriously affected the habitats of the Golden snub-nosed monkey. An effective assessment system for its habitat dynamics will improve effective conservation management. The traditional field survey for evaluating habitat quality is a time-consuming method.However,the rapid development of 3S techniques and the application of 3S integration have improved the study of the spatiotemporal dynamics of the Golden snub-nosed monkey habitat pattern. The Baihe Nature Reserve in the Minshan Mountains was used to measure the spatiotemporal variations in the Golden snub-nosed monkey＇s habitat pattern. A series of optimal Landsat MSS / TM / OLI remotely sensed images for 1975—2014 were collected. Then a decision tree classification was employed to acquire land cover maps based on expert knowledge. In addition,spatial canopy coverage maps were derived from a linear correlation model between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index（ NDVI） and measured canopy coverage. The life habit of the Golden snub-nosed monkey was obtained by analyzing field data collected from April 2011 to April 2012 and during the whole of 2013 using mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods,which formed the basis for evaluating the habitat. Finally,an effective habitat assessment system for the Golden snub-nosed monkey was constructed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process（ AHP） method to quantitatively analyze the dynamics and trends of the habitat pa

关 键 词：川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana) 生境格局 气候变化 人为干扰 白河自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]