长江安庆段江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构  

Fish community structure in main habitat of the finless porpoise,the Anqing section of Yangtze River

作　　者：张晓可[1] 于道平[1] 王慧丽[1] 万安[2] 蒋泽球 陈寿文 

机构地区：[1]安庆师范学院生命科学学院,安庆246011 [2]安庆师范学院资源与环境学院,安庆246011 [3]安庆市渔业局,安庆246011

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第7期1832-1839,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：香港海洋公园保育基金(AW05_1314);安庆师范学院博士科研启动经费(K05000130032)

摘　　要：长江皖河交汇处(皖河口)是安庆江段江豚主要的栖息地之一。为了解江豚主要栖息地鱼类群落结构,于2013年9月—2014年8月对皖河口及其附近4个断面逐月进行了鱼类调查。研究结果表明,共采集鱼类35种,与历史资料相比,鱼类物种多样性已经严重下降,并且小型化趋势明显。5个断面当中,皖河口鱼类种数最多,为27种,且以中上层鱼类餐和油餐为主要优势种;其余4个断面分别为16、20、19和14种,且多数断面以底层鱼类黄颡鱼和长须黄颡鱼为主要优势种。方差分析结果表明,皖河口渔获物的总数量和总重量与其他断面无显著差异,但总种数却显著高于断面1和5。对中上层、中下层和底层鱼类的进一步分析发现,5个断面的显著差异仅存在于中上层鱼类,且皖河口中上层渔获物的数量和重量均显著高于其他断面。由此推断,江豚选择皖河口作为主要栖息地可能主要由于其更加丰富的中上层鱼类资源。研究结果不仅有助于了解鱼类资源的变化,还对江豚的原地和迁地保护具有重要意义。The Yangtze finless porpoise,a subspecies of narrow-ridged finless porpoise,is only distributed in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and two large river-connected lakes—Poyang and Dongting Lakes. With the depletion of fish stocks in Yangtze River,prey availability has become the most important factor determining the survival of the finless porpoise. However,the community structure of the fish in primary habitat of the finless porpoise is far from being fully understood. In the mainstem of Yangtze River,the highest density of porpoises was observed in the Anqing section. Several field surveys in the Anqing section have indicated that the confluence of Yangtze and Wanhe Rivers is one of the primary habitats of the porpoise. Therefore,the confluence and its adjacent regions were selected as our study area,and field surveys were conducted monthly from September 2013 to August 2014. A total of five transects were set. The length of each transect and interval between transects were 400 and 200 m,respectively. To avoid sampling bias due to the use of a single fishing method,multi-mesh drift gillnets and electronic trawl nets were used. The former（ length × height： 100 m × 2 m）was mainly used for upper fish and had three mesh sizes： 10,20,40 mm. The latter,with a voltage of 12 V,was mainlyused to collect lower and demersal fish. The length,height,and mesh size of the trawl net were 3 m,1 m,and 10 mm,respectively. In each transect,the electronic trawl net was towed by a boat for 400 m,and the speed of the boat was maintained at 1 m / s by using a GPS. The multi-mesh drift gillnets were tied to a boat,which drifted with the water current for 10 min. All fish collected using the two methods were brought back to the lab and identified to the species level. For each individual,body length and weight were measured. A total of 35 fish species were collected. When compared with historical data,it became apparent that the species diversity in this area has decreased dramatically,and the fish show an obviou

关 键 词：皖河口 鱼类群落结构 江豚 中上层鱼类 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]