钝感炸药DNP和NTO的酸性解离常数的测定方法研究  

Study on Acid Dissociation Constant Determination Methods of Insensitive Explosives DNP and NTO

作　　者：薛梅[1] 曹端林[1] 周霖[2] 吴霏[1] 郝彩丽[1] 高志谨[1] 刘洋[1] 李永祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]中北大学化工与环境学院,太原030051 [2]北京理工大学机电学院,北京100081

出　　处：《化学通报》2016年第4期338-343,共6页Chemistry

摘　　要：采用滴定法、半中和法、p H法、电导率法、紫外分光光度法5种方法,测定了3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)和3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)两种钝感炸药的酸性解离常数p Ka,并对不同方法所测的结果进行比较和讨论。结果表明,滴定法、半中和法、紫外分光光度法3种方法适合DNP类物质的p Ka测定,实验结果基本一致,与文献值的相对误差RE<5%;滴定法、p H法更适合NTO类物质的p Ka测定,实验结果基本一致,与文献值的相对误差RE<4%。DNP的p Ka大于NTO的p Ka,即DNP比NTO的酸性弱,对设备等的腐蚀作用较小,更适宜用作熔铸炸药载体。根据这5种酸性解离常数测定方法的优缺点,讨论了测定不同性质物质的p Ka时可选用的方法。The dissociation constants（ p Ka） of two insensitive explosives 3,4-dinitropyrazole（ DNP） and 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one（ NTO） were determined by five methods including titration,half neutralization,p H,electrical conductivity and UV-spectrophotometry. The results obtained from various methods were compared and discussed. The results showed that the methods of titration,half neutralization and UV-spectrophotometry are more suitable to determine the p Kaof DNP,the relative error RE 〈 5%; and methods of titration and p H are more suitable to determine the p Kaof NTO,the relative error RE 〈 4%. p Kaof DNP is larger than that of NTO,which means acidity of DNP is weaker,so DNP have small causticity to the equipments and could preferably be used as melt-cast explosive carrier. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of the five methods,the appropriate methods for determining p Kaof different chemical substances were summarized.

关 键 词：3 4-二硝基吡唑(DNP) 3-硝基-1 2 4-三唑-5-酮(NTO) 解离常数 

分 类 号：TQ560.72[化学工程—炸药化工]