小麦叶锈病成株抗性研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospects of Wheat Leaf Rust Adult-plant Resistance

作　　者：张小辉[1] 畅志坚[2,3] 乔麟轶[2] 郭慧娟[2] 詹海仙[2] 李欣[2] 任永康[2] 张晓军[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物工程学院,山西太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,作物遗传与分子改良山西省重点实验室,山西太原030031 [3]农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2016年第4期552-556,共5页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20150311001-1);山西省财政支农项目(2015ZYZX-03);山西省青年基金项目(2015021145);山西省农业科学院重点项目(YZD1501);山西省农业科学院科技攻关项目(15YGG01)

摘　　要：小麦叶锈病是由叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)侵染引起的一种真菌性病害,是我国小麦的主要病害之一。其抗性分为苗期抗性和成株期抗性,苗期抗性具有较好的小种专化抗性,成株期抗性则具有较好的持久性,因此,选育成株期抗性品种对于减少因叶锈病危害造成的产量损失至关重要。主要综述了小麦叶锈病成株抗性(Adult-plant resistance,APR)的研究进展和发展现状,并展望了叶锈病成株抗性基因在小麦育种中的应用前景。已经有研究报道了位于小麦16条染色体上的70个叶锈病成株抗性数量遗传位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL),其中,位于染色体1BS,1BL,2AL,2BS(2个),2DL,4DL,5BL,6AL,7BL和7DS上的11个位点对叶锈病的抗性具有多效性。分子标记类型的增加和测序技术的改进,尤其是高通量基因分型技术的发展,将会促进这些数量性状位点的精细定位与克隆,使这些抗叶锈病基因快速应用于小麦抗性育种,增强小麦新品种抗叶锈病的持久性。Leaf rust,caused by Puccinia triticina, is a widespread fungal diseases of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）, which is also one of the main diseases of wheat in China. It divides into seedling resistance, which has good race specific resistance and adult plant resistance, which has better durability, so the selection of adult plant varieties is crucially important to reduce the losses of production caused by leaf rust. This paper mainly summarizes the research progress and development status of adult plant resistance to wheat leaf rust, and the prospect of the application of leaf rust resistance genes in wheat breeding is also discussed. Seventy leaf rust APR quantitative trait loci（QTL）have been reported on 16 chromosomes, in which 11 loci located on chromosomes 1BS, 1BL, 2AL, 2BS（2）,2DL, 4DL, 5BL, 6AL, 7BL, 7DS showing pleiotropic effects on resistance to leaf rust. With the increase of molecular markers types and improvement of sequencing technology, especially the advent of high-throughput gene typing technology, which will promote the fine mapping and cloning of quantitative trait loci. These leaf rust resistance genes effectively use will promote to quickly apply in wheat resistance breeding and develop the durability of the new varieties of wheat leaf rust resistance.

关 键 词：小麦叶锈病 苗期抗性 成株抗性 QTL 分子标记 

分 类 号：S435.121.43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]