宇宙正反物质不对称的起源  

Origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe

作　　者：黄发朋 李明哲[2] 顾佩洪 张新民[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049 [2]中国科学技术大学交叉学科理论研究中心,合肥230026 [3]上海交通大学物理与天文系,上海200240

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第11期1151-1156,共6页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11121092,11033005,11375220);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B计划)资助

摘　　要：宇宙中正反物质不对称性的起源是粒子物理和宇宙学中极具挑战性的问题,至今人们还不清楚该问题的本质.随着实验观测的日益精确,人们对这一未解之谜的研究日益深入.本文首先简要介绍宇宙正反物质不对称性之谜的背景,以及在理论上解释该问题所要满足的基本条件.然后结合最新的理论和实验进展,重点介绍了3种能自洽地解释正反物质不对称性并且能够在实验上进行验证的理论,包括电弱重子数产生机制、轻子数不对称产生机制以及引力重子数产生机制.期望未来更精确的实验能够验证究竟哪种机制才是宇宙正反物质不对称性的起源.The origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe has been a long unsolved problem in cosmology and particle physics. Although it is challenging to solve this problem, our understanding on it becomes deeper with the improvement of the theoretical and experimental study. Firstly, we introduce the backgrounds of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe and show the three necessary conditions to solve the problem. Then, we review the current status of our understanding on this problem with emphasis on those scenarios which can be tested in the experiments, including the electroweak baryogenesis, leptogenesis and gravitational baryogenesis. We hope the experiments in future can unravel the true baryogenesis scenario, which can explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe.

关 键 词：正反物质不对称性 电弱相变 电弱重子数产生机制 轻子数不对称产生机制 

分 类 号：P159[天文地球—天文学]