质子会衰变吗?  

Does the proton decay?

作　　者：梁午阳 许甫荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第10期1063-1065,共3页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：自然界中的自由中子是不稳定的,可以衰变成质子,同时放出一个电子和一个中微子,平均衰变寿命大概是15 min,可是到目前为止并没有观察到质子衰变.本文从粒子物理标准模型(夸克、轻子、希格斯粒子为基本粒子和它们之间基本相互作用)出发,讨论了质子衰变的可能性.建立在标准模型基础上的大统一模型给出了质子寿命的下限.文章同时介绍了目前实验给出的质子衰变寿命下限.The free neutron is unstable. It can decay into a proton with emission of an electron and an electron antineutrino. The mean lifetime of the free neutron is about 15 minutes. In contrast, the free proton seems stable. To date, no proton decay has been observed. In this article, we discuss the possibility of proton decay within the Standard Model which describes the elementary particles and their interactions. With the grand unified theory that describes the elementary particles and fundamental interactions in higher energy range, we discuss the possibility of the proton decay. Some of theoretical predictions for free proton decay in extremely high energy range are given and compared with the estimated lower limits of the lifetime in recent experiments of the possible free proton decay.

关 键 词：质子衰变 标准模型 大统一理论 

分 类 号：O572.341[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理]