少数民族权利辨析  

Analysis on the Rights of Ethnic Minorities

作　　者：王立峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中共中央党校政法部

出　　处：《人权》2016年第1期44-56,共13页Human Rights

基　　金：2011年度中央党校重点科研项目"转型期人权保障与发展研究"的资助

摘　　要：我国《国家人权行动计划》同时使用"少数民族的合法权益"与"少数民族权利"两个概念。我们认为宜将"少数民族权利"修改为"少数民族的合法权利",并放弃"少数民族的合法权益"措辞。鉴于少数民族权利的主体(即"少数民族")与少数人权利的主体(即"少数人")存在诸多不同,用少数人权利的逻辑来理解中国"少数民族权利"是不合适的。同时,用多元文化主义、文化多样性、现实主义以及基于个人利益的论证思路来证成少数民族权利的正当性也存在缺陷。少数民族权利既是一项集体权利,也是一项个体权利;作为一项集体权利,少数民族权利是实现少数民族成员个体权利的工具。在论证少数民族权利正当性的时候,必须考虑少数民族权利与义务的关系,努力达成二者的平衡。The term ＂legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities＂ is used inter- changeably with the term ＂rights of ethnic minorities＂ in National Human Rights Action Plan of China. In my opinion, the text should modify ＂rights of ethnic minorities＂ to ＂legitimate rights of ethnic minorities＂ and not use the term ＂legitimate rights and interests of ethnic minorities＂ anymore. Meanwhile, it is inappropriate to use the logic of minority rights to understand the rights of ethnic minorities, because the ethnic minorities, the subject of the Rights of ethnic minorities, is different from minority, the subject of the minority rights. The rights of ethnic minorities cannot be justified by multiculturalism, cultural diversity, realism and the individual interest perspective. The rights of ethnic minorities are both a collective and individual right. As a collective right, the rights of ethnic minorities serves as means to realize the individual rights of members of ethnic minorities. In the end, to justify the rights of ethnic minorities, the rela- tionship between rights and duties has to be considered. A balance must be struck between rights of ethnic minorities and duties of ethnic minorities.

关 键 词：少数民族权利 少数民族权益 少数人权利 多元文化主义 

分 类 号：D621.5[政治法律—政治学]