多元主体风险感知与社会冲突差异性研究——基于Z核电项目的实证考察  

Research on Differences of Multiple Stakeholders' Risk Perception and Social Conflict——Empirical Investigation of Z Nuclear Power Project

作　　者：朱正威[1] 王琼[1] 吕书鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2016年第2期97-106,157-158,共10页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD034);国家社会科学基金青年项目"中国公民的政制支持研究"

摘　　要：社会民众对核电项目风险的担忧,使得依托于专家安全评估的政府决策变得越来越难以被接受。强调核电风险的多元主体治理在多大程度上能够化解矛盾,实现主体间的对话,则成为学术界关注的重要议题。本文以经营多年的Z核电项目为研究对象,从核电项目的直接利益主体——附近民众、核电方和地方政府的视角出发,通过实证调研的方法,分析三方主体的核电风险感知与可能采取的冲突行为。结果发现,这三方主体的风险感知存在显著差异,而这种差异将进一步导致其采取不同水平的冲突行为。这是感知重视不足、利益补偿不公、风险沟通不畅和决策方式不当共同导致的结果。基于此,本文从"治理理念、治理目标、治理主体和治理方式"四方面提出对策建议,尝试寻找核电项目中不同主体风险感知和冲突行为差异下的共同话语,为风险治理提供新的研究思路与视角。作为实证研究,本文可从政府信任水平、信息自由度和风险沟通水平等方面进一步探索核电风险的有效治理。The objective of this paper is to find common discourse among stakeholders,including nearby public,local government,and risk manager of nuclear power,whose perceived risks of nuclear power project have significant differences,further different conflict behaviors will be taken. Therefore to provide new research ideas and perspectives for risk governance. Z nuclear power project as research object of this paper,questionnaire survey of stakeholders' risk perception and conflict behavior was conducted,and then complete statistics and analysis by empirical method. The analysis,based on the empirical method,reveals that there are significant differences of risk and benefit perception among the tripartite stakeholders,this differences will lead to further different levels of conflict behaviors be taken. This is the results of lacking of attention to risk perception,injustice of interest compensation,poor risk communication and improper decision-making. The key limitation of the study is to explore measures to reduce the differences of stakeholders' risk perception and conflict behavior from government trust,information freedom and risk communication,to achieve effective stakeholders' dialogue and governance of nuclear risks. This article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from 'governance concept,governance target,governance subject and governance approach',trying to find common discourse among stakeholders. Therefore,this paper can provide new ideas and perspectives for the practice of nuclear power risk governance. Although the domestic and foreign scholars have done research of nuclear power risk perception,and accumulated certain literature foundation. However,empirical research of individual,regional and national levels of risk perceptions differences of nuclear power project,and conflict behavior by different risk perception in Chinese context still needs further study. This is the research work and innovation of this article.

关 键 词：多元主体 核电项目 风险感知 冲突行为 风险治理 

分 类 号：D035.29[政治法律—政治学]