论20世纪初英国关税改革与自由贸易之争  

Dispute Between Tariff Reform and Free Trade of Britain in Early 20th Century

作　　者：滕淑娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学马克思主义学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2016年第4期60-66,共7页History Teaching

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"税制变迁与20世纪英国政府社会政策研究"(项目编号:13CSS019)之阶段性成果

摘　　要：19世纪70年代以后,英国的经济形势出现衰落之势。如何继续保持英国在世界贸易中的优势地位?20世纪初,以张伯伦为代表的英国人士提出了实行贸易保护、进行关税改革的建议,张伯伦的关税改革方案对当时占主导地位的自由贸易思想产生了极大冲击。围绕关税改革、实行贸易保护主义还是坚守传统的自由贸易等问题,英国各界进行了一场大论争。这场争论的结果虽然以关税改革的失败、自由贸易的胜利而告终,但它却促成了自由党的再次统一,为1906年自由党以绝对优势获得席位成为执政党奠定了基础。同时,从这场论争中,我们亦能看出一国采取什么样的对外贸易政策与该国的经济发展形势紧密相关。The economy of Britain began to lose its privilege in world trade since 1870s. How to keep its privilege？ Chamberlain put forward that Britain should carry protectionism and carry tariff reform in early 20th century. The suggestion of tariff reform challenged British traditional principle of free trade.Under this circumstance, there was a dispute whether put tariff reform or keep traditional free trade between tariff reform and free trade. Finally, tariff reform lost its chance and failed. But we could see the policy that a state carried should connect its economic condition. With the development of economic conditions, state should change its economic policies.

关 键 词：英国 经济国家主义 张伯伦 关税改革 自由贸易 

分 类 号：K561[历史地理—历史学]