地磁暴侵害我国高铁和油气管道的观测研究  

Observation studies of encroachment by geomagnetic storms on high-speed railways and oil-and-gas pipelines in China

作　　者：刘连光[1] 葛小宁[1] 王开让[1] 宗伟[1] 刘春明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学新能源电力系统国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2016年第3期268-275,共8页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(编号:2012AA121005);国家自然科学基金(批准号:41374189;51577060)资助项目

摘　　要：为研究地磁暴会不会对中低纬地区的铁路和输油气管道的安全造成严重的影响,通过对我国高铁地磁暴地磁扰动(GMD)侵害的观测实验和油气管道侵害的调研,获得了GMD侵害京港客运专线鹤壁东站电气系统的地磁感应电流(GIC)和西气东输管道的管地电位(PSP)的数据.本文分析了高速铁路和油气管道观测数据与观测点附近地磁台地磁数据的相关性,GMD侵害铁路和油气管道的物理过程和响应机制与公共电网遭受到GMD侵害的异同,以及所观测的GMD侵害事件对高铁电气设备安全和油气管道腐蚀的可能影响.结果表明,2015年3月18日和6月23日地磁暴在京港客运专线鹤壁东站轨道电路回路产生的GIC最大值分别为1.30和1.80 A,中、小地磁暴产生的PSP会超过油气管道的阴极保护装置的启动限值;说明纬度的高低只是地面管网地磁暴灾情、灾害的影响因素之一,高铁电气系统和油气管道的构成及结构的影响是主要原因,地面管网系统的地磁暴影响是全球性的问题.In order to study whether geomagnetic storms will cause huge impact on high-speed railways and oil-and-gas pipelines in low latitudes, observation experiments and investigations are performed on high-speed railways and oil-and-gas pipelines in China which suffered from geomagnetic disturbance（GMD）. The geomagnetically induced currents（GIC） in the electric system of Hebi East Railway Station of Beijing-Hong Kong Dedicated Passenger Line and the pipe-soil-potential（PSP） in pipelines of the West-East natural gas transmission project are obtained. This paper analysed the correlation between the observated data in the high-speed railway, oil-and-gas pipelines and the geomagnetic data from the geomagnetic observatory near the observed point. We also made comparisons between the high-speed railway, oil-and-gas pipeline and the public power grid, regarding the similarities and differences of GMD encoachment in physical processes and response mechanisms. And the possible effects of the observed GMD on the safety of high-speed railways and the corrosion of oil-and-gas pipelines are analysed. The results indicated that the maximum GIC in the track circuit of Hebi East Railway Station of Beijing-Hong Kong Dedicated Passenger Line during two geomagnetic storms are 1.30 and 1.80 A respectively on March 18 and June 23, 2015; also, the pipe-soil-potential（PSP） generateed by small and medium geomagnetic storms exceeded the threshold value of cathodic protection devices for the oil-and-gas pipelines. Results proved that the configuration and structure of the grounded system, such as the structure of a high-speed railway electric system or an oil-and-gas pipeline system, could be a more important factor than the latitude in determining the severity of its geomagnetic storm disaster. Therefore, the disaster caused by geomagnetic storms in grounded network systems is a global problem.

关 键 词：地磁暴 高速铁路 油气管道 安全风险 防灾减灾 

分 类 号：P318.22[天文地球—固体地球物理学]