株行距配置和插植苗数对寒地水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响  

Effects of plant spacing,row spacing and number of seedlings per hole on yield and lodging traits of rice in cold region

作　　者：陈书强[1] 杨丽敏[1] 赵海新[1] 杜晓东[1] 周通[1] 薛菁芳[1] 金光浩[1] 单莉莉[1] 王翠[1] 李敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯水稻研究所,黑龙江佳木斯154026

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2016年第3期371-377,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"粮食丰产科技工程"项目(2011BAD16B11-02YJ01);黑龙江省科技攻关重大项目(GA13B101);佳木斯市人才项目(2015);黑龙江省农业科学院杰出青年基金项目(2014);黑龙江省农业科学院青年基金项目(QN019);农业部部门预算项目(R086)

摘　　要：种植密度不合理会使水稻发生倒伏,从而导致减产。为了避免因种植密度不合理而造成的水稻减产,该研究以分蘖能力不同的2个水稻品种为材料,研究株行距配置和每穴插植苗数对水稻产量和倒伏性状的影响。结果表明:多蘖型品种空育131在株距13.3 cm、行距24.0 cm、每穴2苗的条件下产量最高;而少蘖型品种龙粳21在株距10.0 cm、行距24.0 cm、每穴5苗的条件下产量最高,但株距10.0与13.3 cm产量差异不显著。品种与株距、每穴插植苗数的互作效应对产量有显著影响,而与行距的互作对产量影响不显著;株距与行距、穴插植苗数的互作也对产量有极显著影响。获得高产的原因主要是在适宜的株行距配置和插植苗数下,单位面积上获得了较高的群体颖花量。株行距过小或插植苗数过多时,水稻基部第2节间的倒伏指数增大,抗倒伏能力下降。主要原因是基部第2节间的茎粗变细,鞘干质量、节间干质量、茎壁干质量减少,节间横切面积变小,茎秆物理性状变差。因此,寒地水稻高产栽培中,不同品种要注意选择适宜的株行距配置和每穴插植苗数,以提高产量和抗倒性。Unreasonable planting density often caused rice lodging and yield decreased. In order to avoid rice yield loss with unreasonable transplanting specifications,rice varieties with different tillering ability were used to study the effects of plant spacing,row spacing and number of seedlings per hole on rice yield and lodging properties. The results showed that the optimal transplanting specifications for more tillers variety Kongyu 131 were 13. 3 cm for plant spacing,24. 0 cm for row spacing and 2 for basic seedlings per hill,and the expected yield per hectare was the highest. The optimal transplanting specifications for less tillers variety Longjing 21 were 10. 0 cm for plant spacing,24. 0cm for row spacing and 5 basic seedlings per hill,and the expected yield per hectare was the highest. For plant spacing,no significant yield difference was observed between 10. 0 and 13. 3 cm. The interaction among variety,plantspacing and number of seedlings per hole had significant effect on yield,but the interaction between variety and row spacing had no significant effect on yield. The interaction among plant spacing,row spacing and number of seedlings per hole had significant effect on yield,too. The main reason resulting in higher yield was that the higher number of total spikelet increased per unit area under the condition of appropriate seedling numbers,plant spacing and row spacing. When plant spacing and row spacing were too small or seedling numbers per hole was too much,2ndinternode lodging index for two rice varieties increased and resistance ability decreased. The main reason resulting in weaker lodging resistance was that stem diameter of 2ndinternode became thinner,stem sheath dry weight,internode dry weight and stem wall dry weight became lower,internode crosscutting area became smaller,and stem physics properties became weaker. Therefore,different rice varieties in cold region should pay attention to choice proper plant spacing,row spacing and seedling numbers per hole,and make yield and lodging resistance coord

关 键 词：寒地 水稻 插植苗数 种植密度 倒伏 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]