南海南沙群岛灯光罩网渔场金枪鱼科渔获种类、渔获率及其峰值期  

Species composition,catch rate and occurrence peak time of Thunnidae family in the fishing ground of light falling-net fisheries in the Nansha Islands area of the South China Sea

作　　者：张衡[1,2] 吴祖立[1] 周为峰[1] 靳少非[3,4] 张鹏 晏磊 陈森 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,农业部东海与远洋渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,上海200090 [2]农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300 [3]中国科学院东亚区域气候环境重点实验室,北京100029 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2016年第2期140-148,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2015M07);上海市自然科学基金(15ZR1450000、14ZR1449900);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD13B06)

摘　　要：根据2014年4~6月在南海南沙群岛附近海域灯光罩网渔场的调查数据,分析了该海域内金枪鱼科种类、渔获率及其峰值期等特征。结果表明：共采集到金枪鱼科鱼类6种,鲣（Katsuwonus pelamis）的平均渔获率最高,为58.2 ind·net-1;其次为鲔（Euthynnus yaito）和扁舵鲣（Auxis thazard）,平均渔获率分别为10.12 ind·net-1和9.96 ind·net-1;而金枪鱼属的黄鳍金枪鱼（Thunnus albacares）和大眼金枪鱼（Thunnus obesus）渔获率很低,仅为0.57 ind·net-1和0.02 ind·net-1,且以幼鱼为主。在上半夜（20∶00~23∶59）金枪鱼科渔获率明显低于下半夜（00∶00~06∶00）,仅约是后者的10%。鲔和扁舵鲣渔获率随时间的变化趋势较为类似,而黄鳍金枪鱼渔获率变化与鲔、圆舵鲣（Auxis rochei）和扁舵鲣呈显著负相关。在农历新月前后期（农历二十二至下月的初八）作业网次数相对较高,每天的作业次数范围为4~10次;而满月前后期（初十至十七）未进行捕捞活动。总之,黄鳍金枪鱼、大眼金枪鱼和圆舵鲣3种鱼类的渔获率值均相对较低,且仅在新月期间出现的比例较高;而其它3种鱼类的渔获率值相对较高,波动性也较大,也以新月期间渔获率值较高。本研究为我国南海金枪鱼开发提供基础数据参考。Based on data of the fishing ground of large-scale light falling-net fisheries in the Nansha Islands from April to June in 2014,the paper analyzed the species composition,catch rate and peak period of Thunnidae in the area. Only six fish species belonging to Thunnidae family were collected during the sampling period,while the mean abundance of Katsuwonus pelamis was the highest（ 58. 2 ind·net- 1） and followed by Euthynnus yaito（ 10. 12 ind ·net- 1） and Auxis thazard（ 9. 96 ind·net- 1）. But the mean abundance of Thunnus albacares and Thunnus obesus belonging to Thunnus were both lower than that of the other fish species,which were 0. 57 and 0. 02 ind·net- 1,respectively. In addition,young fishes both dominated in these two species. In the first half of the night（ 20 ∶ 00- 23 ∶ 59）,the total abundance of Thunnidae family was obviously lower than that under the middle of the night（ 00 ∶ 00- 06 ∶ 00）,which only occupied about10% of the later time period. The change trend of Euthynnus yaito and Auxis thazard abundance with time was similar. However,the trend of Thunnus albacores species showed a different change compared with the other three species Euthynnus yaito,Auxis thazard and Auxis rochei. During the lunar new moon time（ twentysecond to the eighth in lunar month）,the number of nets is higher and range from 4 to 10 operations.However,the fishermen have no fishing activities in the full moon phase（ tenth to the seventeenth）. The total abundance of three fish species（ Thunnus albacares,Thunnus obesus and Auxis rochei） are relatively lower during the survey period and they only occur in a higher proportion of the new moon phase. The total catch rate of other three species（ Katsuwonus pelamis,Auxis thazard,Euthynnus yaito） is relatively higher and has a variation range during the survey period. Almost all six fish species have higher quantity during the new moon phase. The results of this study could support the reasonable utilization of tuna fishery in the South China

关 键 词：南海 灯光罩网 金枪鱼科 种类 渔获率 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]