寡雄腐霉发酵液的动物毒性及对辣椒的促生防病效应  

Acute toxicity of fermentation broth produced from Pythium oligandrum and its influence on the growth and control of pepper seedling anthrax

作　　者：耿明明[1] 黄建国[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《植物保护学报》2016年第2期307-313,共7页Journal of Plant Protection

基　　金：重庆市科委重点项目(cstc2013yykf B80011);四川省凉山州烟草公司科技攻关项目(2012-12)

摘　　要：为研制高效、无毒、低成本的生物农药以防治辣椒炭疽病,利用自主分离的寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum CQ2010菌株制备浓度为1.14‰发酵液,研究其对小鼠的急性毒性、对辣椒幼苗生长的影响及对辣椒炭疽病的防治效果。结果表明,小鼠1日内灌胃寡雄腐霉发酵液60 m L/kg,连续给药14 d后,对小鼠体重增长无显著影响,其外观和行为均无异常,组织器官也未见病理改变。寡雄腐霉发酵液可显著提高辣椒叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力,促进氮、磷、钾吸收,生物量比对照增加42.4%,效果优于寡雄腐霉卵孢子制剂;并能显著提高叶片中过氧化物酶活性,诱导植株抗病性。在辣椒接种炭疽病菌前后,寡雄腐霉发酵液均显著降低了叶片丙二醛的增幅,说明细胞膜受害减轻。施用寡雄腐霉发酵液可使辣椒炭疽病发病率和病情指数显著降低,分别为40.0%~46.7%和13.3~16.7,防治效果达59.9%~68.1%;在模拟自然发病试验中也能显著提高辣椒幼苗生物量,防治效果达55.4%。表明寡雄腐霉发酵液对动物安全无毒,能促进辣椒幼苗生长并防治炭疽病。In order to develop an effective,non-poisonous and cheap biopesticide for control of pepper anthracnose,the present experiment was carried out with mice and pepper seedlings to study the animal acute toxicity and plant growth and anthracnose control by supplying fermentation broth of Pythium oligandrum CQ2010（POB）,which was a self-isolated strain,and the concentration of fermentation broth was 1.14‰.After fed with POB by continuous gavage with 60 m L /kg per day for 14 d,the mice showed no significant variation in weight increment compared to control（fed with pure water）.The test mice also showed no abnormality in appearance,behaviors and pathological changes of tissues and organs.POB obviously increased chlorophyll content,root activities,and nutrient absorption（nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium） of pepper seedlings.The seedling growth was accelerated and the biomass was increased by 42.4% with POB supply,which showed better effect than P.oligandrum spores.In addition,POB activated peroxidase whereby inducing plant resistance to diseases but decreased malondialdehyde in the leaves of pepper seedlings irrespective of POB supplied before or after pathogen inoculation,suggesting the alleviation of cell membrane damage.The anthracnose incidence and disease index reduced by40.0%-46.7% and 13.3-16.7,respectively,which led to a relative control efficacy of 59.9%-68.1%.In the simulation experiment,POB still promoted the growth of pepper seedlings and showed high anthracnose control efficacy（55.4%）.In general,POB promoted the growth and controlled the anthracnose of pepper seedlings.

关 键 词：寡雄腐霉 辣椒 生长 炭疽病 

分 类 号：S436.418.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S476[农业科学—植物保护]