非对称性增温对江淮粳稻植株源库特征的影响  

Impacts of Asymmetric Warming on Plant Source-sink Characteristics of Japonica Rice in Jianghuai Region

作　　者：董文军[1,2,3] 杨忠良[4] 来永才[1] 田云录[2] 张彬[5] 孟英[1] 陈金[6] 唐傲[1,2,3] 张喜娟[1,2,3] 冷春旭[1,2,3] 刘猷红 邸树峰[1,2,3] 谢光 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095 [3]中国科学院北方粳稻分子育种联合研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院五常水稻研究所,黑龙江五常150229 [5]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,广东广州510640 [6]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200 [7]宝清县夹信子镇农业技术中心

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2016年第4期6-15,共10页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30771278)

摘　　要：气候变暖存在明显的昼夜非对称性,夜间增温幅度大于白天增温幅度,但关于非对称性增温对水稻源库特征影响的研究尚少。为此,于2006-2008年,借助稻田开放式主动增温系统,在江苏南京开展了昼夜不同增温对水稻源库特征影响的研究。结果表明:全天增温(AW)、白天增温(DW)和夜间增温(NW)处理下,水稻地上部干物质和籽粒产量均呈下降趋势。与常温对照相比,AW、DW和NW使干物质分别降低9.3%、16.3%和6.1%,产量分别降低4.6%、12.0%和7.7%。AW、DW和NW分别使花后干物质积累降低23.9%、30.5%和13.9%,但花前干物质无显著影响。不同增温处理对水稻成熟期叶干重所占比例有增加趋势,但对叶干重无显著影响,对茎干重及其所占比例有降低趋势。增温对强势粒的灌浆不利,而有利于弱势粒的灌浆。与对照相比,AW、DW和NW处理使每穗库容量分别平均降低9.9%、7.4%和7.4%,使粒叶比分别平均下降4.1%、9.5%和8.1%。由此表明,在未来气候变暖背景下,江淮水稻植株的源下降和库不足是影响产量形成的主要原因。Climate warming presents significantly asymmetric trends with greater temperature elevation in the daily mean minimum than the daily maximum temperature.However,less was known about the impacts of asymmetric warming on the source-sink characteristics of rice plant.Therefore,a field warming experiment was performed with a Free Air Temperature Increase（FATI）facility to investigate the actual impacts of asymmetric warming on plant source-sink characteristics of japonica rice in Jianghuai region from 2006 to 2008in Nanjing city,Jiangsu province,China.The results showed that field warming tended to reduce the aboveground dry mass averagely by 9.3%,16.3% and 6.1%,and the grain yield were averagely by 4.6%,12.0% and 7.7%in the all-day warming（AW）,daytime warming（DW）and nighttime warming（NW）plots,respectively.The AW,DW and NW decreased post-anthesis dry mass accumulations respectively by 23.9%,30.5%and 13.9% on average while the pre-anthesis dry mass staying almost unchanged.Warming tended to increase the ratio of leaf dry weight to total dry mass weight and decrease the ratio of the stem dry weight to total dry mass weight.Warming was to the disadvantage of the filling of superior kernels,while it was in favour of the filling of inferior kernels.The sink capacity of per panicle was respectively 9.9%,7.4% and 7.4%lower in the AW,DW and NW treatments than the un-warmed control.Meanwhile,warming decreased the grain-leaf ratio averagely by of 4.1%,9.5% and 8.1%,respectively,in the AW,DW and NW treatments.The results indicated that warming-led decline of source and deficiency of sink might be the main factors of warming-led decrease in rice yield under future climate pattern in Jianghuai region.

关 键 词：气候变暖 水稻生产 昼夜不同增温 开放式增温 干物质积累 籽粒灌浆 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]