工作场所空气中氨国家标准检验方法研究  

Studies on national standard method for ammonia determination in air of workplaces

作　　者：尹江伟[1] 李红华[1] 吴礼康[1] 涂卫东 曾晨[3] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518101 [2]深圳市天鉴检测技术服务有限公司 [3]佛山市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2016年第5期548-551,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：卫生部2013年卫生标准制(修)订计划项目(编号:20130217);深圳市宝安区职业病防治重点专科

摘　　要：目的按照职业卫生标准制定指南建立合适的工作场所中氨的采样方法,并探讨采样和分析方法能很好对接的工作场所空气中氨的测定方法。方法选用不同的采样介质,考察其采样效率,解吸效率、分析溶液对后续测定的影响;并考察建立的方法技术指标与标准要求的符合性。结果通过筛选发现,用酸性硅胶管、甲烷磺酸吸收液的短时间采样和长时间采样效率均大于95%,用甲烷磺酸解吸液解吸,平均解吸效率为91.1%;解吸液/吸收液采用分光光度法和离子色谱法分析的RSD均<4%。用2种方法对标样的测定结果都在给定的不确定度范围内。采用分光光度法和离子色谱法测定某电镀厂采集的吸收液样品,两种方法的测定结果经统计学检验,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。硅胶管采集的样品可以保存14 d,采样后的吸收液可以保存7 d。结论采用装有5 ml甲烷磺酸吸收液的大型多孔玻板吸收管和酸性硅胶管都可以采集工作场所空气中氨,纳氏试剂分光光度法和离子色谱法都可以用来对溶液中的氨进行定量。但考虑到对仪器的保护,采用离子色谱法检测时宜采用吸收液采样,而分光光度法检测时则两种采样方法均可使用。Objective To establish sample collection methods for ammonia in the air of workplaces according to the guidelines for formulating occupational health standards, and to explore determination methods that can well match the sample collection. Method Different sampling media were used to study the sampling efficiency, desorption efficiency and the influence on later ammonia analysis. Additionally, the accordance of the main technical specifications with the demands of the national standards was discussed. Results The efficiency of short time sampling and long time sampling with acid - treated silica gel tube and methane sulfuric acid solution was all higher than 95 %. The average desorption efficiency of the acid- treated silica tubes was 91.1%. The relative standard deviations （RSI）s） of desorption solution/absorbing solutions by the spectrophotometry and ion chromatograph were all below 4 %. The quantitative results of the certified reference materials by both methods were in the rec- ommended uncertainty ranges. The detection results of the absorbing solution samples collected in the air of an dectroplating fac- tory by the two methods showed no significant difference（P 〉0.05）. Samples collected with silica gel could be preserved for 14 days at room temperature, and samples collected by absorb solutions could be preserved for 7 days. Conclusions Large bub- bling absorbers containing 5 ml methane sulfuric acid solution and acid- treated silica gel tubes all can be used to collect ammonia in the air of workplaces. The absorbing solution and desorption solution all can be quantified by Nessler＇ s reagent spectropho- tometry and ion chromatograph. However, taking compatibility with the instruments into account, sampling with absorbing solu- tion is recoomanded for ion chromatography. When spectrophotometry is chosen for ammonia determination , both sampling methods can be used.

关 键 词：氨 工作场所 空气 离子色谱法 分光光度法 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]