减氮增铵对滴灌玉米氮素营养及产量的影响  

Response of Reduing Nitrogen and Enhancing Ammonium to Maize N Nutrition and Yield under Drip Irrigation Condition

作　　者：王雪薇[1] 夏文豪[1] 刘涛[1] 唐诚[1] 褚贵新[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第3期461-466,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目(2012BAD42B02)~~

摘　　要：【目的】增铵营养具有明显改善旱地作物氮素营养与提高作物产量的效应。【方法】设置N_0(不施氮)、N_(375)(全氮)、75%N_(375)+CP(减氮25%+增铵)以及N_(375)+CP(全氮增铵)4个处理,在覆膜滴灌条件下,研究尿素减量及其与氯甲基吡啶,随水分次滴施对玉米氮素营养、产量及氮素养分资源利用效率的影响。【结果】减氮增铵处理75%N_(375)+CP可促进植株干物质的积累,较N_0增加了22%;75%N_(375)+CP处理的玉米叶鞘NO_3^-含量比N_(375)处理降低了16.7%;75%N_(375)+CP处理产量较N_0处理增加了18.6%,且使滴灌玉米的氮素利用效率和氮肥偏生产力,较全氮施肥分别提高了41.6%和26.8%。【结论】在滴灌水氮一体化供应条件下,通过硝化抑制剂增铵减少氮肥用量25%(75~95 N kg/hm^2),可显著提高氮素养分利用效率。【Objective】The project aims to study the effect of enhancing ammonium nutrition in upland crop nitrogen nutrition in arid areas and improve crop yield as well. 【Method】In the present study,the effect of decreasing urea supply rate and enhancing ammonium nutrition by chloromethyl pyridine on maize yield,corn plant N nutrition status and N fertilizer using efficiency were investigated under plastic mulched drip irrigation condition. Four treatments was designed： N_0（ without N）,N_（375）（ 375 kg /hm^2）,75% N_（375）＋ CP（ 25%of N was reduced plus chloromethyl pyridine） and N_（375）＋ CP（ 375 kg / hm^2 plus chloromethyl pyridine）. 【Result】Plant dry matter accumulation was increased by 22% with 75% N_（375）＋ CP treatment compared with N_0;the leaf NO_3^-- N content of maize was decreased by 16.7% with 75% N_（375）＋ CP treatment in contrast to N_（375）;the maize yield was increased by 18. 6% with 75% N_（375）＋ CP treatment compared with N_0,and N fertilizer recovery rate and nitrogen partial factor productivity of maize was increased by 41% and 26. 8% respectively,in75% N_（375）＋ CP treatment compared with N_0. 【Conclusion】In brief,a great fertilizer N recovery rate and better plant N status could be archived by corn,meanwhile,the maize yield is not down through the strategy of reducing N supply rate and enhancing ammonium nutrition under drip irrigation condition.

关 键 词：玉米 籽粒产量 减氮增铵 氮素利用率 氮素营养 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S14