土壤盐分对膜下滴灌水稻生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Soil Salinity on Rice Growth and Yield under Drip Irrigation and Film Mulch

作　　者：白如霄[1,2] 陈勇[1] 王娟[1,2] 张书捷[1,2] 杨玉珍[1,2] 危常州[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第3期473-480,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2011AA100508);国家自然科学基金项目(31471947)~~

摘　　要：【目的】研究滴灌条件下不同盐分离子的迁移特征以及对水稻生长发育的影响。【方法】供试水稻品种为T-43(Oryza sativa L.cv.T-43),在两个盐分含量(1.50和2.58 g/kg)下研究石河子地区膜下滴灌土壤盐分、盐分离子类型对水稻生长和产量的影响。【结果】随土壤盐分含量升高,水稻根系活力、SPAD值和产量均降低;以滴头为中心,靠近滴灌带植株(内行)生长受盐分影响明显小于离滴灌带较远的植株(外行),表现为外行SPAD值高峰推迟7 d,生育期延长6 d。不同盐分离子在滴灌条件下随水运移距离不同,形成明显的空间异质性,使得Na^+和Cl^-在土壤中随水的运移较远;盐分影响水稻有效穗数、成穗率和结实率,而对穗粒数和千粒重的影响不大。【结论】较高浓度的盐分是导致水稻分蘖期发育延迟、抽穗不齐和生育期时间长的主要原因;K^+、Na^+和Cl^-随水迁移距离较Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)远,但Na^+和Cl^-对外行水稻的生长和产量影响较大。【Objective】Different soil salt ions transfer characteristics and its effects on rice growth under drip irrigation and film mulch were studied by a field trail.【Method】The rice varieties was T- 43（ Oryza sativa L.）. Soil salinity at two levels（ 1. 50 g / kg,2. 58 g / kg） was investigated on rice growth and yield under drip irrigation and film mulch in Shihezi.【Result】The results showed that root vigor,SPAD values and yield of rice decreased as soil salt content increased. Centralized with trip irrigation emitter,rice growth restrain by salt was significantly stronger in the far place of the drip irrigation tape（ FL） than the near place（ NL）. Compared with NL,the SPAD values peak of FL was postponed 7 days and growth period extended 6 days. Different salt ions had a different transfer distance in the drip irrigation,and it had a different spatial distribution pattern. Na＋and Cl-in soil can transfer more distance with irrigation water. Salinity had significant effect on the effective panicle rate,panicle number and seed setting rate of rice,but no significant effect on grains per spike and seed setting rate.【Conclusion】Higher concentration of salt is the main reason for the delay in the development of rice tillering stage,heading stage and the time of the heading stage. K~＋,Na~＋ and Cl^- can transfer more distance with irrigation water than Ca^（2＋） ,Mg^（2＋） etc,but Cl^- and Na~＋ showed the strongest restrainable effect on the growth and yield of drip- irrigated rice.

关 键 词：水稻 膜下滴灌 土壤盐分 

分 类 号：S511.4[农业科学—作物学]