黍稷农家种种质资源抗旱性的田间鉴定  

Identification and Evaluation of Drought-resistance in Panicum miliaceum Germplasm Resources in Grey Desert Soil

作　　者：刘宁[1] 王威[1] 颜国荣[1] 肖菁[1] 白玉亭[1] 柏仲祥 昌小平[3] 刘志勇[1] 景蕊莲[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农作物品种资源研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业职业技术学院.新疆昌吉831100 [3]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所.北京100081

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2016年第3期581-588,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110200-8)~~

摘　　要：【目的】利用新疆干旱少雨、地表蒸发量大、大气干旱等自然条件,对西北干旱区包括陕西、山西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、内蒙古、新疆七省区的199份黍稷农家种种质资源材料进行全生育期抗旱性鉴定,探讨黍稷种质资源生育期对抗旱鉴定的影响。【方法】以株高、茎粗、穗长、叶长、叶宽、草重、穗重、穗粒重等性状为考察指标,利用加权抗旱系数法及逐级分类法综合评价供试材料的抗旱性。【结果】一定的旱胁迫会推迟黍稷种质资源的生育进程,延长生育期。是否按生育期类型划分对抗旱鉴定结果有直接影响。对完成抽穗、结实并成熟的173份种质资源按早熟、中熟、晚熟进行分类后,鉴定为一级抗旱24份(其中早熟型4份,中熟型15份,晚熟型5份),二级33份、三级80份、四级26份、五级20份,鉴定结果呈正态分布,符合抗旱性属于多基因控制的数量性状遗传规律。【结论】对于生育期相差较大的黍稷种质资源而言,需要按种质资源生育期划分类型后再进行抗旱性鉴定。【Objective】On the basis of less rainfall,great surface evaporation and dry climate in Xinjiang,the drought- resistance profile of 199 accessions of Panicum miliaceum,landraces from seven different northwest provinces,including Shanxi,Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,Inner Mogolia and Xinjiang was identified and evaluated in their whole growth and development period,and the effect of growth and development period on the drought- resistance was preliminarily elucidated.【Method】8 physiological indices（ plant height,panicle length,leaf length,leaf width,grass weight,panicle weight and grain number per panicle）were analyzed to evaluate their drought- resistance by weighting coefficient method and classification group step. 【Result】The results showed that certain drought- stress could delay the period of growth development,and make the growth development period extended,and it was important for drought- resistance identification whether the growth development period was divided or not,so 173 grown accessions of Panicum miliaceum were firstly divided into early- maturing,middle- maturing and late- maturing. And there were 24 materials of the first class drought- resistance（ 5 early- maturing,20 middle- maturing and 5 late- maturing）,33 materials belonged to the second class drought- resistance,80 materials were the third class drought- resistance,26 materials in the fourth class,20 materials in the fifth class. The result showed a positive distribution which was agreeable with the genetic law that the drought- resistance was controlled by the quantity traits of multigenes. 【Conclusion】If the difference of growth and development period is relatively large,we suggest the growth period of the germplasm should be divided before identifying the drought- resistance.

关 键 词：黍稷 种质资源 抗旱性 鉴定 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]