京郊农业沼气工程原料与发酵特性分析  

Substrate Characteristics and Fermentation Efficiency in Full Scale Biogas Plants Treating Agricultural Waste in Beijing Rural Area

作　　者：苏敏[1,2] 齐向阳[1,2] 乔玮[1,2] Dalal Algapania 赵婧[1,2] 刘月玲[1,2] Andrea Goglio Fabrizio Adani 肖政 魏泉源 董仁杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学生物质工程中心(工学院),北京100083 [2]国家能源生物燃气高效制备及综合利用技术研发(实验)中心,北京100083 [3]意大利米兰大学农学院,米兰220133 [4]北京中源创能工程技术有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《中国沼气》2016年第2期70-76,共7页China Biogas

基　　金：科技部中欧中小企业国际科技合作项目(SQ2013ZOA000017);北京市科技计划项目(D141100001214001;Z151100001115010);中荷奶业中心(SDDDC-2015-R2)

摘　　要：笔者选取了北京郊区5个农业沼气工程,从原料特性、产气潜能、厌氧污泥活性以及发酵池p H值稳定性等几个方面探讨农业沼气工程的发酵效率评估。通过测试原料的元素组成,开展产甲烷潜能和产甲烷活性实验,建立了不同原料的发酵化学计量学方程,获得了不同原料的产气率、产气速率和发酵池污泥的乙酸比产甲烷活性(SMA2000)。分析结果表明:养殖废物的进料浓度较理想,适合高浓度厌氧发酵工艺。鸡粪原料的产气率较高(200 m LCH4·g-1COD),但C/N比较低9.6∶1,发酵池的氨氮浓度6.0 g·L-1,有明显的产气迟滞期。秸秆高温发酵的产气率达到162 m LCH4·g-1COD,产气速率高于牛粪和猪粪中温发酵,发酵池污泥的p H值为7.1。猪粪与牛粪沼气工程的发酵效率低于鸡粪和秸秆沼气,但具有良好的稳定性。在农业废物沼气工程中,须根据物料特性合理的选择工艺条件。In this study,5 full scaled biogas plants located in Beijing rural area treating agricultural waste were chosen to be investigated. Characteristics of feedstock and sludge from real reactor were determined,the biogas production potential,specific methanogenic activity and the p H stability in the reactors were investigated. The methane fermentation stoichiometry of different substrates was established based on the elementary analysis of each substrate. The results showed that the livestock manure with a TS of 6. 4% ~ 10. 2% was suitable for high solid fermentation system. The biogas yield of chicken manure had high gas production rate of 200 m L CH4·g- 1COD,but its low C / N ratio of 9. 6∶ 1 would result in the high ammonia concentration of 6. 0 g·L- 1in digester,which negatively affected the fermentation causing a lag time for biogas production. Thermophilic fermentation of straw gave a biogas yield of 162 m L CH4·g- 1COD,and the biogas production speed was faster than cattle manure and pig manure under mesophilic system. Biogas yield of cattle manure and pig manure was lower than the chicken manure and straw but had a better stability. For a biogas engineering project the process should be designed depending on the characteristics of each substrate.

关 键 词：沼气工程 养殖废物 秸秆 原料 产气效率 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]