中国儿科人力资源配置现状及公平性分析  

Current status and equity of human resources allocation in pediatric healthcare of China

作　　者：胡文玲[1] 王晓颖 金曦[1] 罗荣[1] 杜立燕[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心妇幼卫生政策研究室,北京100081 [2]国家卫生计生委科学研究所 [3]河北省妇幼保健中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2016年第4期435-439,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：联合国儿童基金(YH702 H&N)

摘　　要：目的了解中国不同地区不同级别儿科人力资源配置和提供服务现状,分析儿科人力资源分布的公平程度,为政府和卫生行政部门提供参考依据。方法 2011年采用随机抽样法抽取44个抽样地市,并采用信函调查法对44个抽样地市的医疗机构2010年儿科人力资源配置与服务数量等情况进行调查,应用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数评价儿科人力资源分布公平性。结果 2010年中国每万人口拥有儿科医务人员1.50人,每平方公里拥有儿科医务人员0.03人;不同地区儿科医务人员分布差异有统计学意义;县级及以上医疗机构儿科医务人员工作负担较重;2010年中国儿科医生、护士按人口分布的基尼系数分为0.259、0.302,按地理面积分布的基尼系数为0.570、0.588。结论中国儿科医务人员数量不足,医务人员结构欠合理;儿科人力资源地理分布公平性有待提高。中国应加强儿科人力资源的规划建设,有效实施区域卫生规划政策。Objective To analyze the current status and equality of pediatric human resources allocation in different regions in China in 2010 and to provide a basis for decision making. Methods A mailed questionnaire survey on pediatric human resources allocation was conducted among all medical institutions providing pediatric services in 44 municipalities selected with random sampling across China in 2010. Lorenz curve and Ginin coefficient were used to evaluate allocation equality. Results The average number of pediatric professionals was 1. 5 per 10 000 populations and 0. 03 per square kilometer in China in 2010,with a significant regional difference in the distribution of pediatric protessionals. The pediatric professionals in the institutions at county level or above had a relatively heavier workload. The Ginin coefficients were 0. 259 and 0. 302 for population distribution and 0. 570 and 0. 588 for geographic distribution of pediatric doctors and nurses. Conclusion The number of pediatric professionals was in deficit and the distribution of the professionals was irrational in China in 2010,suggesting the equity of pediatric human resources allocation needs to be improved.

关 键 词：儿科 人力资源 配置现状 公平性 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]