上海市大气污染对不同特征居民呼吸疾病就诊人数影响  

Effects of air pollution on clinic visits of different gender and age respiratory outpatients in Shanghai,China

作　　者：牟喆[1] 耿福海[1] 叶晓芳[1] 杨丹丹[1] 周骥[1] 王爱荣[2] 彭丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市气象与健康重点实验室上海市气象局,上海200135 [2]上海市医疗保险事务管理中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2016年第4期513-516,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项经费项目(GYHY201206027);上海市科学技术委员会项目(12dz1202600)

摘　　要：目的了解上海市大气污染对不同年龄、性别呼吸系统就诊人数的影响。方法基于2008年1月1日—2012年12月31日上海市呼吸系统就诊的日数据,利用广义线性的泊松回归模型分析了大气污染物[大气中直径≤2.5μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）、二氧化硫（SO2）、二氧化氮（NO2）]对不同年龄、性别呼吸系统就诊人数的影响。结果 PM2.5、NO2和SO2是呼吸系统的危险因子,大气污染对女性呼吸系统的影响明显高于男性,儿童和老人更易受大气污染物的影响,其中PM2.5每升高10μg/m3,男性的儿童（0~17岁）、成人（18~65岁）和老人（≥66岁）的呼吸系统就诊例数分别升高2.15%（95%CI=1.83%~2.47%）、0.01%（95%CI=-0.05%~0.06%）、0.67%（95%CI=0.60%~0.74%）,女性分别升高2.48%（95%CI=2.14%~2.82%）、0.46%（95%CI=0.41%~0.51）、0.96%（95%CI=0.89%~1.03%）。结论大气污染对不同性别、年龄人群呼吸系统疾病就诊风险不同。Objective To investigate the relationship between ambient air pollution and the number of clinic visits of respiratory outpatients of different gender and age in Shanghai. Methods Poisson distribution in generalized liner models（ GLM） was used to describe the relationship between the contents of air pollutants including particulate matter ≤2. 5 μm in aerodynamic diameter（ PM2. 5）,sulfur dioxide（ SO2）,and nitrogen dioxide（ NO2） and the number of clinic visits of respiratory outpatients of different gender and age after adjusting for long-term trend,holiday effect,week effect,flu epidemic and weather condition during the period from January 1st,2008 through 2012. Results We found that air pollutants such as PM2. 5,SO2,and NO2 were the risk factors for the incidence of respiratory disease; females were more susceptible to the effects of the air pollutants than the males and the children and the old people were more vulnerable to the adverse affect of the pollutants than the adults. A 10 ug / m3 increase in PM2. 5was associated with the increases of2. 15%（ 95% confidence interval[95% CI]： 1. 83%,2. 47%）,0. 01%（ 95% CI：- 0. 05%,0. 06%）,and 0. 67%（ 95%CI： 0. 60%,0. 74%） in the number of clinic visits of male respiratory outpatients aged 0- 17,18- 65,and ≥ 66 years at lag day 5,while the corresponding increases of the same age groups for the female were 2. 48%（ 95% CI： 2. 14%,2. 82%）,0. 46%（ 95% CI： 0. 41%,0. 51）,and 0. 96%（ 95% CI： 0. 89%,1. 03%）,respectively. Conclusion The effect of air pollution on respiratory disease risk is different among populations of different gender and age.

关 键 词：大气污染 呼吸系统 广义线性模型 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]