北京市东城区1995—2014年出生缺陷分析  

Birth defects in Dongcheng district of Beijing,1995-2014

作　　者：郝建珍[1] 陈燕杰[1] 耿红[1] 何群[1] 王全意[2] 刘亚兰[1] 栾艳秋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市东城区第一妇幼保健院妇产科,北京100007 [2]北京市疾病控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2016年第4期547-550,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的探讨出生缺陷发生规律,寻找可能的相关因素,了解产前筛查和不同形式产前诊断对减少出生缺陷的贡献。方法利用北京市东城区妇幼保健院出生缺陷监测系统及产科质量数据系统资料,分析北京市东城区1995年1季度至2014年3季度3 416例出生缺陷及相关围产数据。结果北京市东城区1995—2014年围产出生缺陷发生率大体呈正态分布,其中位数为14.8‰,围产出生缺陷率波动于9.4‰~19.8‰,总出生缺陷率因其还包括中期引产的出生缺陷率,故略高于围产出生缺陷率,波动于9.4‰~38.2‰,其中位数为20‰。出生缺陷种类构成中,先天性心脏病所占比例最高,波动于17%~22%;1995—2014年男胎出生缺陷所占比例（54%~55%）明显高于女胎（37%~44%）。结论北京市东城区1995—2014年出生缺陷发生率呈正态分布,并有小幅上升趋势。近年来出生缺陷的产前诊断率逐年稳步提高。超声和羊水穿刺、染色体核型分析仍然是基本和相对可靠的产前诊断方法。Objective To explore changing trend and risk factors of birth defects and to analyze the contribution of prenatal screening and different diagnostic methods to the reduction of birth defects. Methods Data on 3 416 registered birth defect cases and related perinatal records from 1st quarter of 1995 to 3rd quarter of 2014 were collected from birth defect monitoring system and obstetric service quality surveillance records of Beijing Dongcheng M aternal and Children Health Care Hospital. Excel 2007 was applied in statistical analysis. Results During the 20-year period,the annual incidence of perinatal birth defects in the district fluctuated smoothly,with a range from 9. 4‰ to 19. 8‰ and a median of14. 8‰; the annual incidence of total birth defects,including birth defects in second trimester induction,ranged from9. 4‰ to 38. 2‰ and was slightly higher than the perinatal birth defects,with a median of 20‰. For all the birth defects,the proportion of congenital heart disease was the highest,with the annual ratios of 17%- 22% and the annual ratios of birth defect of male fetuses（ 54%- 55%） were significantly higher than those of female fetuses（ 37%- 44%）. Conclusion The annual incidence of birth defects in Dongcheng district from 1995 to 2014 showed a normal distribution and a slightly upward trend. The prenatal diagnosis rate of the birth defects in the district was improved steadily. Ultrasonography,amniocentesis,and chromosome analysis are still basic and relatively reliable methods for the prenatal diagnosis of birth defects.

关 键 词：出生缺陷 发生率 趋势 

分 类 号：R174.6[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]