西方气象科技引进与中国气象事业近代化  

Introduction of Western Meteorological Science & Technology and Modernization of Chinese Meteorological Service

作　　者：施威[1] 刘青[1] 李忠明[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2016年第2期21-29,145-146,共9页Yuejiang Academic Journal

基　　金：国家公益性行业科研专项"气象科普体系构建研究"(GYHY201306064);中国气象局科研专项"气象台站史研究"(ZX2014021)

摘　　要：鸦片战争之前,近代气象仪器已零星传入中国,但影响有限。鸦片战争以后,列强为满足侵华需求而引进先进气象仪器,国人也翻译了大量西方气象科技书籍,近代气象科技在中国开始广泛传播,为本土气象学的创立奠定了思想、人才和物质基础。19世纪中叶至20世纪40年代,列强在我国设立的气象观测站点多达80余处,晚清政府在江苏、福建、广东等省的农事试验场也建立了20余处测候所。从民国成立至1941年,中国从气象观测网络建设、科研机构和人才培养体系构建等方面着手,基本实现了气象事业的近代化和本土化。Before Sino-British Opium War,the western meteorological instruments were introduced sporadically into China,but they enjoyed little popularity. After Sino-British Opium War,the European powers introduced advanced meteorological science to meet their needs of invading China. Chinese compatriots translated a large quantity of western meteorological books.Consequently,modern meteorology was spread widely in China,which laid foundation of thought,talents and material for founding of national meteorology. From the mid-19th century to 1940,western countries established more than 80 meteorological agencies. During the period of late-Qing Dynasty to Republic of China,the modernization and localization of Chinese meteorological service had practically been achieved in terms of meteorological observation network,meteorological research institutions and construction of training system of meteorological personnel.

关 键 词：气象事业近代化 科技交流 徐家汇气象台 气象研究所 气象学会 

分 类 号：P4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]