无机盐对淀粉/聚乙烯醇共混材料结构与性能的影响  

Effect of Inorganic Salts on the Structure and Properties of Starch/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite

作　　者：唐金波[1] 蒋婷[1] 张霖杰 胡孝勤[1] 张熙[1] 

机构地区：[1]高分子材料工程国家重点实验室四川大学高分子研究所,四川成都610065

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2016年第4期63-67,共5页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51273129)

摘　　要：为了揭示不同结构的无机盐对淀粉/聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混材料性能的影响规律,分别以Li Cl,Mg Cl2·6H2O,Al Cl3·6H2O,Mg(NO3)2·6H2O,Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和Al(NO3)3·9H2O为改性剂,采用流延法制备了不同无机盐改性的淀粉/PVA复合膜,研究了改性前后淀粉/PVA复合膜的结构与性能。研究结果表明,无机盐可与淀粉和PVA发生相互作用,所含金属离子的价态越高,相互作用越强。无机盐会降低淀粉/PVA的结晶度,其中氯化物对淀粉/PVA结晶结构的破坏作用强于硝酸盐。淀粉/PVA在加入无机盐后热稳定性降低,硝酸盐对淀粉/PVA热稳定性的影响较氯化物小。无机盐能改善淀粉/PVA的相容性,氯化物的作用效果比硝酸盐强;与Li Cl和Al Cl3·6H2O相比,Mg Cl2·6H2O对淀粉/PVA相容性的改善最明显。无机盐可使淀粉/PVA拉伸强度下降、断裂伸长率提高,表现出增塑作用。To reveal the effect of different structure of inorganic salts on the properties of starch / poly（ vinyl alcohol）,starch / poly（ vinyl alcohol）（ PVA） films modified with different inorganic salts,such as lithium chloride（ Li Cl）,magnesium chloride hexahydrate（ Mg Cl2·6H2O）,aluminium chloride hexahydrate（ Al Cl3·6H2O）,magnesium nitrate hexahydrate（ Mg（ NO3）2·6H2O）,calcium nitrate tetrahydrate（ Ca（ NO3）2·4H2O） and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate（ Al（ NO3）3·9H2O） were prepared by casting method. The effects of valence and radius of metal ions on the structure and properties starch / PVA were explored by FT-IR,XRD,SEM,TGA and tensile testing. The results show that inorganic salts could form some interaction with starch and PVA molecules,destroy the crystals of starch / PVA,the ability of chloride for destroying the crystals of starch / PVA is stronger than nitrate. The thermal stability of starch / PVA obviously decreases with addition of inorganic salts,and the effect of nitrate is smaller than chloride. The inorganic salts could improve the compatibility of starch / PVA,compared with nitrate,chloride could improve the compatibility of starch / PVA effectively,Mg Cl2·6H2O is the most effective salt that could improve the compatibility of starch / PVA. At the same time,the modified starch / PVA films with inorganic salts become soft and ductile with lower tensile strength and higher elongation at break.

关 键 词：淀粉 聚乙烯醇 无机盐 相容性 热性能 

分 类 号：TQ325.9[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]