清末铁路交涉中的法律技术与政治策略  

Legal Technology and Political Strategy in Railway Negotiation in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：李耀跃[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学法学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《齐鲁学刊》2016年第2期40-43,共4页Qilu Journal

基　　金：河南工业大学高层次人才基金"清末铁路借款法律问题研究"(2013BS025)

摘　　要：在对外交往中,清政府极力回避铁路等具有商务性质的事项列入条约,一旦入约,则谨慎履行条约义务,并使用严格解释等法律技术限制己方条约义务、驳斥列强约外特权。晚清各界还试图通过区分契约与条约、商务与外交,将铁路交涉限定为商务范畴,避免中外政府间的正面外交冲突。清政府甚至以国内舆论及督抚权力划分等内政因素为外交斡旋的砝码,虽能一时拖延交涉却又往往在内政处理上受其所累。总体上说,清末各界大量援引国际公法、私法的规则和技术,并策略性地利用内政因素,试图寻找外交活动中的平衡与突破,虽不能根本改变弱国外交困境中的被动地位,却推动着中国逐步认知和融入西方主导的世界秩序。In international exchanges,the Qing government？tried to avoid？business problems of railway included in the treaty,attempts to distinguish the contract and the treaty,and business and diplomatic problems,to avoid conflict,.The problems related to railway once into the treaty,the Qing government will？strictly perform its treaty obligations,and defining a foreigner privileges.In order to obtain certain mediation initiative,the Qing government even in domestic public opinion and the division of power excuse,but did not reach the expected goal.Generally speaking,the late Qing Dynasty by rules of public international law,private law from all walks of life and efforts,while not change the passive situation of the weak diplomacy,it drives China continuously into the Western dominated world civilization.

关 键 词：铁路 外交交涉 法律技术 政治策略 

分 类 号：K254.4[历史地理—历史学]