美国国防R&D对民用航空技术的外溢效应动态研究  

The Dynamics of Spillover Effect of Defense R&D on the Civil Aviation Technology in the U.S.A

作　　者：何昉[1] 杨晓维[1] 曹冰雪[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875 [2]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,北京100081

出　　处：《软科学》2016年第4期13-16,共4页Soft Science

摘　　要：基于技术演化理论和计量统计方法研究了国防R＆D对民用航空技术发展的外溢效应及其动态演变机制。在航空技术生命初期,由于国防与民用部门对飞行性能提升的共同需求,国防R＆D对民用航空技术起到了重要的推动作用;随着技术逐步发展成熟,国防和民用部门的技术需求得到了更符合各自部门特性的专门化定义,国防部门对民用航空技术的推动作用逐步降低。基于知识生产函数的检验表明：1954~2010年间,美国国防R＆D对民用航空技术产生了显著的正向外溢效应。但分段检验则显示这种正向效应主要体现在20世纪80年代之前,80年代至今美国国防R＆D对民用航空技术的外溢效应已经不再显著。Based on the theory of technological evolution and statistics method, this paper investigates the dynamics of spillo- ver effect of defense R＆D on the development of civil aviation technology in the U.S. During the early stage of technology development, due to similar performance-enhancing demand of the defense and civilian sector, defense R＆D promoted civil aviation technology to a large extent. As the technology matures, the technological demand of each sector becomes better de- fined and specialized, thus the benefit of defense R＆D on the civil aviation technology waned compared to early phase. Em- pirical study based on knowledge production function shows that, from 1954 to 2010, America＇s defense R＆D has a signifi- cant positive spillover effect on civil aviation technology, but this positive effect has no longer significant since 1980s.

关 键 词：国防R&D 民用航空技术发展 外溢效应 技术演化 

分 类 号：F426[经济管理—产业经济]