不同耕作方式下春小麦棵间土壤蒸发研究  

Soil Evaporation of Spring Wheat under Different Tillages

作　　者：吕晓东[1] 马忠明[2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2016年第4期547-553,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：中澳国际合作(SMCN/2002/094);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503125-2);甘肃省农业科技创新(GNCX-2014-35)~~

摘　　要：采用微型棵间土壤蒸发皿,测定传统耕作（CK）、常规垄作沟灌（FRB）、固定道保护性耕作（PRB）和固定道平作（ZT）4种耕作模式下棵间土壤蒸发,研究棵间土壤蒸发量与蒸腾之间的关系,蒸发占蒸散的比例及其随叶面积指数（LAI）和表层土壤体积含水量的变化关系。结果表明：固定道耕作无论是平作还是垄作栽培,在拔节后期均比传统耕作和常规垄作沟灌能更好抑制土壤蒸发。与平作栽培相比,沟垄地形对垄床和垄沟棵间土壤蒸发均有促进作用,且垄沟棵间土壤蒸发要大于垄床。春小麦三叶期至拔节期,CK、ZT、FRB和PRB棵间土壤蒸发量占田间耗水量的比值分别为64.96%、53.16%、74.99%和51.99%。拔节后,各处理棵间土壤蒸发占时段耗水量的比值均降到45%以下。抽穗至灌浆初期,各处理棵间土壤蒸发占时段耗水量的比例在24.46%~31.07%。4种耕作模式相对棵间土壤蒸发强度均随表层土壤体积含水量增大而增加,随LAI的增加而显著减小,两者均呈良好的指数函数关系。Soil evaporation of spring wheat under conventional tillage（CK）,fresh raised bed（FRB）permanent raised bed（PRB）and zero tillage with control traffic on flat field（ZT）was measured by using micro-lysimeters.The relationship among soil evaporation,leaf area index and surface soil moisture was analyzed as well as the equation between soil evaporation and leaf area index and surface soil moisture was established.The results indicated that soil evaporation of PRB and ZT treatment was lower than that of CK and FRB after the spring wheat jointing stage.Compared with conventional flat planting,soil evaporation of bed and furrow were enhanced by ridge and furrow topography of the soil surface obviously.Soil evaporation of furrow was larger than that of bed.From trefoilstage to jointing stage,the ratio of interplant soil evaporation to total field evapotranspiration was 64.96%,53.16%,74.99%and 51.99%for CK,ZT,FRB and PRB treatment,respectively,and less than 45%from jointing to heading stage,and 24.46%-31.07%from heading to filling stage.There was a good exponential function relationship between relative soil evaporation intensity and surface soil water content as well as leaf area index.The relative evaporation intensity increased with the increase of surface soil moisture,while decreased with the increase of leaf area index.

关 键 词：棵间土壤蒸发 固定道保护性耕作 春小麦 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]