国外可重复使用载人飞船发展现状与关键技术研究  

Study on Development Status and Key Technologies of Reusable Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：李志杰[1] 果琳丽[1] 张柏楠[1] 戚发轫[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国空间技术研究院载人航天总体部,北京100094 [2]中国空间技术研究院,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2016年第2期106-112,共7页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：基金项目:国家重大科技专项工程

摘　　要：载人航天未来的发展面临着能力和效益的挑战,发展可重复使用载人飞船技术是降低载人航天任务成本的重要手段之一。文章对可重复使用载人飞船概念进行了探讨,给出了系统级可重复使用和部件级可重复使用载人飞船的含义。研究了全生命任务周期中载人飞船成本与可重复使用次数的关系,结果表明:可重复使用载人飞船在经济性上较一次性使用载人飞船有明显优势,且可重复使用次数达到10次以上时,能够使成本趋近于最低。对国外可重复使用载人飞船发展现状和主要技术指标进行了分析,并对发展可重复使用载人飞船所须攻关的关键技术进行了梳理。以上研究内容可为我国发展可重复使用载人飞船技术提供参考。Future development of human spaceflight faced the challenge of capability and benefit.Developing reusable spacecraft technologies is an important way to decrease the cost of human spaceflight missions.This paper has studied the concept of reusable manned spacecraft and brought out the meanings of reuse at both system level and component level.The relationship between manned spacecraft cost and reuse times in life cycle mission is also discussed in this paper,and the result shows that the reusable manned spacecraft has significant economical advantage than one-time use manned spacecraft.The cost of manned spacecraft will almost be minimized when the reuse times reach up to 10.The development status and technical specifications of foreign reusable manned spacecraft are analyzed in this paper,and the key technologies of reusable manned spacecraft need to be solved are discussed,which can provide a reference for the future development of manned spacecraft of China.

关 键 词：载人航天 可重复使用载人飞船 发展现状 关键技术 

分 类 号：V476.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]