西安市百日咳流行特征及发病现状分析  

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics and the present situation of pertussis in Xi'an

作　　者：刘莹[1] 侯铁军[1] 王增国[1] 王栎蕾 杨杨[1] 韩锐郡[1] 李亚绒[2] 刘小乖[2] 雷玲霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054 [2]西安市儿童医院,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第8期1381-1383,1387,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析西安市百日咳的流行特征及发病现状,为制定百日咳预防和控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学研究方法,分析中国疾病预防控制信息系统百日咳报告病例和西安市自2011年来百日咳哨点监测病例的数据。结果西安市2005-2014年共报告百日咳病例230例,年均发病率0.29/10万,其中2007年最低0.02/10万,2014年最高0.83/10万,发病率呈现逐年上升趋势;发病主要见于1岁以下儿童,占总发病数的82.17%;发病季节出现"双峰"现象;疫苗剂型改变后百日咳流行特征有所改变,儿童成人均有发病。结论西安地区百日咳发病呈现逐渐增高趋势,未接种疫苗的婴幼儿病例构成较高,接种疫苗依然是预防百日咳的有效措施,但疫苗使用后儿童症状的不典型是"百日咳再现"的危险因素,应加强对百日咳的主动监测。Objective This work was to analyze the epidemic characteristics of pertussis in Xi＇an from 2005 to 2014,and to provide scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of pertussis in Xi＇an from national notifiable disease reporting system and the data of sentinel surveillance in Xi＇an. Results A total of 230 cases of pertussis was reported during 2005 to 2014. The annual average incidence was 0. 29/100000. The lowest and the highest incidence were 0. 02/100 000 in 2007 and 0. 83/100 000 in 2014. The incidence showed a rising trend year by year. The peak age of the cases was under one year old,which accounted for 82. 17% of the total number of cases. There were two seasonal peaks during the period. After the vaccine formulation changed,the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis changed after the change in vaccine formulation. The cases occurred to both children and adults.Conclusion The incidence of pertussis was increasing in Xi＇an city. The constituent ratio of cases of unvaccinated infants was higher. Vaccination is still one of the effective measures to prevent pertussis,but the untypical symptoms of children after immunization is the risk factor for the reappearance of pertussis. Surveillance should be strengthened to this disease.

关 键 词：百日咳 流行特征 变化 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]