中国海岸带蓝碳生态系统碳汇潜力的初步分析  

Preliminary Analysis of C Sequestration Potential of Blue Carbon Ecosystems on Chinese Coastal Zone

作　　者：周晨昊 毛覃愉 徐晓[1] 方长明[1] 骆永明[2] 李博[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性科学研究所,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200438 [2]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,烟台264003

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2016年第4期475-486,共12页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2013CB430404);上海市科委科技创新行动计划(批准号:14DZ1206003)资助

摘　　要：海岸带蓝碳生态系统具有高效的固碳能力,可以潜在地缓解大气CO_2浓度的升高.本文在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,对中国海岸带蓝碳生态系统的碳汇潜力进行了初步分析.结果表明,中国海岸带蓝碳生态系统生境总面积为1623~3850 km^2,年平均碳封存量为0.349~0.835 Tg C.然而,随着滩涂围垦、资源过度利用、环境污染以及气候变化等因素影响的加剧,中国蓝碳生态系统正处于急剧退化之中.通过对海岸带蓝碳碳汇形成过程的阐述,有助于对其重要性的认识;基于沿海地区人类活动特点与全球气候变化趋势,探讨了滩涂围垦、资源过度利用、水体污染和海平面上升对我国海岸带蓝碳生态系统造成的威胁;同时提出了为维持海岸带蓝碳潜力,我国在生态系统保护管理、生态恢复与机制建设等方面所应采取的措施.结合目前的研究现状,指出了中国海岸带蓝碳研究亟待解决的问题,以期为今后我国海岸带蓝碳的研究以及蓝碳潜力的维持与提升提供科学依据.Coastal blue carbon ecosystems can efficiently sequester carbon, which has the potential to mitigate increases in atmospheric CO_2 concentration. In this paper, we analyzed the C sequestration potential of blue carbon ecosystems—mangroves, seagrass meadows, and saltmarshes—on Chinese coasts based on the existing literature and data and reviewed why these ecosystems have high sequestration rates. Our results showed that Chinese coastal blue carbon ecosystems could bury 0.349–0.835 Tg carbon annually over a total habitat area of 1623–3850 km^2. However, the blue carbon ecosystems of China are rapidly degrading because of human activities such as land reclamation, environmental pollution, resource overexploitation, and climate change（particularly sea level rise）. Therefore, conservation and restoration actions are urgently needed to develop, maintain, and enhance the sequestration potentials of these blue carbon ecosystems. Finally, we suggest issues related to the management of Chinese blue carbon ecosystems and their potential for mitigating impending climate change that must be addressed in the future.

关 键 词：海岸带 海草床 红树林 蓝碳 盐沼 中国 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]