发生在铁皮石斛栽培田中的2种“黏菌病”  

Two “myxomycete diseases”occurred on cultivated fields of Dendrobium candidum

作　　者：屠艳拉[1,2] 肖芳[1] 张敬泽[1] 卢启强 汪乐福 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院生物技术研究所,杭州310058 [2]乐清市农业局,浙江乐清325600

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2016年第2期137-142,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31571950)

摘　　要：2011年在浙江省乐清市铁皮石斛栽培田中发现了2种"黏菌病",它们影响植株的正常生长。通过光学显微镜、超微结构观察、孢子萌发试验和18S核糖体序列比较分析,它们分别被鉴定为美发菌[Comatricha pulchella(C.Bab.)Rostaf.]和煤绒菌[Fuligo septica(L.)Wigg.]。美发菌子实体较小,具柄,高度大约2.2mm,孢囊圆柱形,密集的产生在植物茎、叶表面。煤绒菌整个子实体是一个大型的复囊体,垫形到不规则形,长达15cm,子实体可覆盖整个植株丛。这2个种都是浙江新记录种。该发现补充了浙江菌物资源,亦为中国黏菌地理分布和多样性研究积累了基础资料。Dendrobium Candidum（Orchidaceae）is an aerophyte cultivated widely in Zhejiang Province as traditional Chinese herbal medicine.Two ＂myxomycete diseases＂,which affected the growth of plants,were found in cultivated fields of D.candidumin Yueqing City of Zhejiang Province in 2011.Two ＂pathogens＂were identified as Comatricha pulchella（C.Bab）Rostaf.and Fuligo septica（L.）Wigg.by morphological characters and molecular data,including light microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,spore germination and analysis of18 SrDNA sequences.Sporocarps of C.pulchella were stipitate and gregarious,with about 2.2mm in total height and cylinder-shaped sporangia,intensively distributed on the plant stem and leaf surface;its dense capillitium arose from the entire columella and dark spores in mass（7.2-8.0μm in diameter）.Whereas,the sporocarp of F.septica was a large scale cushion-shaped or irregular type aethalium,with up to 15 cm in length and the colors of the outer peridium in the spore-bearing stage,which could cover the whole cluster of the plants.White,stipitate and young sporangia were observed on young leaves and stems of D.Candidumafter 15 dof inoculation with C.pulchella,and the mature sporangia were observed after 20 dof inoculation.Whereas,no sporocarp was observedon young leaves and stems of D.Candidum,but yellowish sporocarps produced on the substrate near the root after 15 dof inoculation with F.septica;with development of the sporocarp,the color became opalescent,and large sporocarps were observed after 30 dof inoculation,which covered the basal part of stems.The artificial inoculation results showed that both the myxomycetes could not infect the living plants.To the best of our knowledge,the two species both were the new record in Zhejiang Province.The discovery of C.pulchellaand F.septicaenriches the fungal resources of Zhejiang Province and also provides fundamental materials to further study on geographical distribution and diversity of myxomycete in China.

关 键 词：美发菌 煤绒菌 新记录种 浙江省 

分 类 号：Q939.5[生物学—微生物学]