紫花苜蓿叶、茎产量及品质动态  

Effects of growth stage on yield and quality of leaf and stem

作　　者：张晓娜[1] 宋书红[1] 陈志飞[1] 张莹[1] 杨云贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第4期713-721,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系"优质牧草产品标准化生产关键技术"(CASR-35-01A);国家燕麦产业技术体系"燕麦加工利用"(CASR-08-D1)

摘　　要：为获得最佳刈割期,分别在关中苜蓿、阿尔冈金、金皇后3个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种的现蕾期、初花期、盛花期、结荚期和成熟期进行刈割,将其茎叶分离风干后,测定牧草产量、茎叶比、株高、分枝数及养分,为家畜提供优质的蛋白质饲料。结果表明,随苜蓿生长发育,其产量呈先升高后降低趋势,结荚期最高。现蕾期苜蓿茎叶比高于其它时期,成熟期苜蓿株高和分枝数高于其它时期。随着生育期的推后,各品种的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和相对饲用价值逐渐降低,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维逐渐升高。现蕾期苜蓿粗蛋白和相对饲用价值显著(P<0.05)高于初花期、盛花期、结荚期和成熟期;其叶和茎的粗蛋白分别比后者提高了4.52%、8.28%、12.06%、14.70%和12.59%、9.38%、11.19%和28.81%,相对饲用价值分别比后者提高了6.55%、6.60%、29.07%、40.25%和3.84%、6.09%、4.88%、10.99%,粗纤维分别比后者降低了7.46%、6.85%、20.46%、23.00%和2.99%、1.81%、2.67%、3.67%。现蕾期为苜蓿最佳刈割期。In order to get the optimal harvest period of alfalfa,three varieties Guanzhong alfalfa,Algonquin and Gold Empress were harvested at budding stage,early blooming,full booming,pod setting stage and maturing stage,respectively.Their stems and leaves were separated and dried,yield,stem to leaf ratio,plant height,branches and nutritional characteristics were measured.The results showed that,along with the growth of alfalfa,yield increased then decreased,yield were highest at pod setting stage.Stem to leaf ratio was higher than other periods at budding stage,but plant height and branches were the highest at maturing stage.Along with the growth period delaying,crude protein,crude fat and relative feeding value gradually decreased,crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber gradually increased.Crude protein and relative feeding value at budding stage were significantly（P〈0.05）higher than that of early blooming,full booming,pod setting stage and maturing stage;In leaves and stems,compared with the latter,crude protein increased by 4.52%,8.28%,12.06%,14.70% and 12.59%,9.38%,11.19%,28.18%,respectively;compared with the latter,relative feeding value increased by 6.55%,6.60%,29.07%,40.25% and 3.84%,6.09%,4.88%,10.99%,respectively;compared with the latter,crude fiber decreased by 29.88%,20.19%,20.98%,3.31%and 3.81%,0.70%,1.92%,1.04%,respectively.Budding stage was the best stage of cutting.

关 键 词：生育期 紫花苜蓿 叶 茎 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]