奶牛体况与胎次、泌乳阶段和生产性能的关系  

The relationship between cow body condition and parity,lactation stage,production performance

作　　者：张洁[1] 张程[1] 侯扶江[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2016年第4期771-777,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项课题(20120304205);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD13B05);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019)

摘　　要：奶牛体况评分是指可根据奶牛身体各部位综合得分来衡量牛的膘情,并用于管理奶牛营养和健康的一种重要方法。某代表性奶牛场泌乳期奶牛的体况评分结果表明,奶牛体况与乳蛋白率、305d估计产奶量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);第3胎次奶牛体况最好,极显著优于其它胎次(P<0.01);泌乳后期奶牛体况极显著优于其它泌乳阶段(P<0.01);奶牛体况与体细胞分之间显著正相关(P<0.05)。根据奶牛体况评分结果可预测牛奶产量和品质。生产中应通过加强营养和改善饲养管理条件等措施使奶牛体况处于合理范围,以获得产量和品质俱佳的牛奶。Body condition scoring is a method to evaluate fatness or thinness based on comprehensive score of various body parts of cows,and thus to manage nutrition and health of dairy herd.According to the body condition score of lactating cows in a typical dairy farm,the results showed that there were significantly positive correlations between the body condition of cows and milk protein percentage,estimated milk yield of 305days（P〈0.01）.The body condition of cows at 3rd parity was the best,which was significantly better than other parities（P〈0.01）.The body condition of cows at late lactation stage was significantly better than other lactation stages（P〈0.01）.The parity had a significantly positive correlation with somatic cell score（P〈0.05）.In addition,the significantly positive correlations were observed between somatic cell score and estimated milk yield of 305 days,milk protein,as well as between milk protein and milk fat（P〈0.05）.The somatic cell score revealed a significantly positive correlation with milk protein and milk fat（P〈0.01）,which indicated it could be used to predict milk yield and quality.In summary,to produce more milk yield in high quality,the body condition of dairy cows should be in a reasonable range according to improving management of nutritional level and rising conditions.

关 键 词：奶牛 体况 胎次 产奶量 乳蛋白率 乳脂率 体细胞分 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]