中国干旱沙区的生态重建与恢复:沙坡头站60年重要研究进展综述  

Ecological Restoration and Recovery in Arid Desert Regions of China:A review for 60-year research progresses of Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences

作　　者：李新荣[1] 周海燕[1] 王新平[1] 刘立超[1] 张景光[1] 陈国雄[1] 张志山[1] 刘玉冰[1] 谭会娟[1] 高艳红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第2期247-264,共18页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB429900)

摘　　要：中国科学院沙坡头沙漠研究试验站建站60年来,服务于国家需求,推动了沙漠科学的发展。在沙害治理、沙漠生态重建与恢复、荒漠生态系统长期生态学、沙地生态水文学、人工植被稳定性及干旱胁迫生理生态学方面取得了重要进展。解决了在降水量小于200mm的干旱沙漠地区植被建设的关键技术,证实了通过人为促进生态恢复是可行的,创造了人类活动(治理和利用)与沙漠自然和谐持续发展的模式;探讨了干旱沙区土壤水循环的植被调控机理,提出了生态恢复的关键技术及其应用模式;理论上探明了人工植被稳定性维持的生态学机理,提出了荒漠系统生态恢复的理论模型;揭示了荒漠生态系统碳、氮循环及其对环境因子的响应;引领了生物土壤结皮的生理生态功能及其水文学研究;拓展了干旱逆境生理生态学的研究。沙坡头站已成为国际沙漠科学与荒漠长期生态学研究的重要平台。During 60 years since Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station was founded,the major task of the station was focused on national demand and tailed to thedevelopmentoffrontierdisciplines in arid desert regions,a numerous of significant research progresses on the sand hazard control,restoration and recovery of desert ecosystems,long-term ecological research of desert,eco-hydrology of revegetated sand dunes and stability of artificial vegetation have been achieved,which created a harmonious sustainable development model between human and desert.The main achievements such as the key technology of revegetation in arid desert areas where precipitation is less than200 mm have been solved,we also confirmed ecological restoration is feasible by artificially boost,and explored the mechanism of soil water cycling mediated by vegetation,further put forward the key technology and application of ecological recovery models;Theoretical model has been proposed through understanding ecological mechanism of maintaining stability of artificial vegetation.In addition,we revealed the regime of carbon and nitrogen cycles and their responds to the environmental variation under future global changes,as well as took the lead in studying on eco-hydrology of biological soil crusts and stress physiological ecology of desert plants in China.All these enhanced the formation of an international academic exchange and research platform for desert research and long-term ecological research.

关 键 词：腾格里沙漠 荒漠生态系统 长期生态学 生态重建与恢复 沙害治理 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]