大夏国都统万城选址合理性辨析  

Rationality of the Tongwan City Site for the Capital of Daxia

作　　者：王洪娇[1] 黄银洲[1] 冯玉静[1] 孟凡萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第2期327-334,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101187);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M512051);教育部人文社科一般项目青年项目(10YJCZH053);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(201209034)

摘　　要：位于毛乌素沙地南缘的统万城遗址,因其城宏伟的规模、历史上的重要地位,是学者研究历史时期生态背景、文化、政治经济的重要时空坐标。作为大夏国都,其存续时间从公元419年至公元427年,区区9年时间,可谓"兴也勃焉,亡也忽焉"。从自然环境背景、资源承载能力、军事战略地位3方面对该城的选址做了详细分析,认为该城作为大夏国都在一定程度上是不合理的。赫连勃勃勇则勇矣,将国都定在统万城却并不具有全局思维,其自然环境、资源承载能力以及军事防御能力均无法满足国都设置的条件,尤其将国都设置在战争前沿,无法达到长治久安的目的。因此,建城之后多次受到北魏军队的正面攻击,并很快被攻克,大夏国因之灭亡。统万城在历史上行政地位逐渐降低,并最终淹没在黄沙之中,是历史的必然结果。The reason of the site selection of Tongwan City,which located on the southern edge of the Mu Us Sandy Land,is always the research focus.History scholars regard it as space-time coordinates of historical ecology,culture,policy and economy because of its grand scale and important position.As the capital of Daxia,its surviving time was only from AD418 to AD427,just 9 years.It is called ＂its rise for Helian Bobo and its fall for negligence＂.This paper consider that the selection of the city as the capital of Daxia is unreasonable to some extent based on background of physical environment,resources and military defense.Helian Bobo was brave but he did not have a comprehensive plan of the Tongwan City as the capital of Daxia.The Tongwan City could not meet requirements of physical environment,resources and military defense as a capital city.As a result,when the city built,the military of north-wei country attacked and overcame it soon,and the Daxia perished.Later,the administrative position of the city gradually reduced,eventually buried by the sand.

关 键 词：统万城 大夏国都 自然环境 资源承载力 军事防御 毛乌素沙地 

分 类 号：K901.9[历史地理—人文地理学]