移栽期对蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)药材产量和质量的影响  

Effect of Transplantation Time on Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus

作　　者：陈垣[1] 李军贤[1] 郭凤霞[1] 张万世 程国栋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室/甘肃省中药材规范化生产技术创新重点实验室/甘肃省药用植物栽培育种工程研究中心/甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/生命科学技术学院/农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃中天药业有限责任公司甘肃省特色药用植物资源保护与利用工程实验室/甘肃省特色药材规范化可追溯栽培工程技术研究中心,甘肃定西748100

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2016年第2期406-414,共9页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划-社会发展类项目(1204FKCA123);国家中药材黄芪标准化研究和黄芪GAP生产基地建设校企合作项目;陇西县地道中药材产业开发示范工程;甘肃省定西市道地中药材产业化推广及惠民示范工程项目(S2013GMC100004);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAI37B03);甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金课题后补助项目(03);甘肃农业大学教学研究项目

摘　　要：采用初冬和春季移栽对比试验,定期测定土壤含水量、生长发育指标、药材产量和质量指标,旨在探寻地道产区蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus)最佳移栽季节。结果表明:与春栽田比较,冬栽田20cm土层内土壤含水量在苗栽返青期显著增高,而40cm以下土层土壤含水量在生长后期显著降低;苗栽返青和开花分别提早10d和13d,返青出苗势、出苗率和出苗指数分别提高32.6%、4.4%和0.2497,返青株成活率提高5.0%,有效延长了黄芪生长天数,为药材根的生长和有效成分积累奠定了良好的营养生长基础。初冬栽和春栽田成药根数分别为201 087根·hm-2和181 250根·hm-2,一等品出成率分别为24.02%和19.69%,药材鲜产量分别为5 400kg·hm-2和5 057kg·hm-2;黄芪甲苷含量分别为0.121%和0.098%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量分别为0.080%和0.052%,水溶性浸出物含量分别为27.62%和25.54%。初冬移栽黄芪成效更为显著,建议规范化生产中合理调整移栽季节,提倡初冬移栽。In order to explore the best season to transplant Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus seedlings,a transplant contrast experiment was conducted in early-winter and spring season.During the experiment,the soil moisture,growth and development indicators as well as yield and quality of medical roots for the plant were measured accordingly.The result showed that compared with the spring-transplanted field,the soil moisture of 0-20 cm layer in the early-winter transplanted field was significantly higher during re-green stage of the seedlings but lower significantly during the growth evening stage of the adult plants in over 40 cm deep layer of soil;the re-green and bloom stage were ahead of 10 d and 13 d,respectively;the emergence power,regreen rate and emergence index increased by 32.65%,4.4% and 0.2497,respectively,resulting in prolongation in growth stage and setting up good foundation for the medical root growth and accumulation in active component.Finally,there were 201,087 and 181,250 merchandised medical roots per hectare in the early-winter and spring transplanted fields respectively,resulting in 24.02% and 19.69% of the first-class medical roots,5 400 kg·hm^（-2） and 5 057 kg·hm^（-2） of the medical fresh root yield,0.121%and 0.098%of Astragaloside A,0.080% and 0.052% of calycosin-7-glucoside content,27.62% and 25.54% of water-soluble extract content,respectively.All above suggests that the early-winter transplant is more significant in cultivation effect for the plant,suggesting that the early-winter transplant cultivation should be advocated in the standardization production of the medical plant.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus) 移栽时期 药材产量 药材质量 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]