影响我国荔枝分布的关键气候要素分析  

Key climatic factors affecting the distribution of litchi in China

作　　者：白慧卿[1,2] 吴建国[2] 潘学标[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第4期436-443,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑项目"气候变化对生物多样性影响与风险评估技术"(2012BAC19B06)

摘　　要：【目的】明确荔枝分布与气候要素关系,识别影响分布的关键气候因子。【方法】基于国家气象信息中心气候数据,应用Arc GIS9.3软件分析荔枝分布与气候要素关系,以SPSS软件中主成分方法识别影响分布的关键气候因子。【结果】我国野生荔枝分布范围较栽培荔枝要窄;野生荔枝适宜年均温为22.32℃,年极端最低温为1.33℃,≥10℃年积温为8 120.57℃,年降水量为1 665.17 mm,湿润度为9.41;栽培荔枝适宜年均温为20.61℃,年极端最低温为-0.94℃,≥10℃年积温为7 429.71℃,年降水量为1 573.51 mm,湿润度为9.85;野生荔枝适应气候要素极差比栽培荔枝要小。【结论】影响荔枝分布的关键气候因子首先是低温指标,其次是高温指标,再其次是降水量。结果对准确认识气候变化影响及科学区划等有重要意义。【Objective】Litchi（Litchi chinensis Sonn.） is a typical subtropical fruit tree and requires plenty heat and precipitation for survival and growth. With the impact of climate change, the area suitable for cultivation of litchi will expand, and the risk of cold and heat injuries may increase. Recently, some litchi cultivation areas in China have proved to be unsuitable for litchi cultivation. However, the reason is not clear.So, it is important to reveal the relationships between the distribution of litchi and climatic factors and to determine the key climatic factors affecting the distribution of litchi in order to correctly understand the impacts of climate change on the distribution of the species in the future and to regionalize litchi cultivation based on climate conditions. The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationships between the distribution of litchi and climatic factors and to identify key climatic factors affecting litchi distribution in China.【Methods】Climatic data from 1971 to 2000 were provided by the National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, and 38 climatic indexes calculated using Fortran software were used to reveal the relationship between the distributions of litchi and climatic factors. The distributions of litchi were mainly determined based on distribution records or data from litchi literatures, such as Chinese Fruit-Litchi, the Academic Fruit Cultivation Theory, Litchi in Guangdong, Litchi in Guangxi, the Tropical and South Subtropical Fruit Trees in China, Crops and Their Wild Relatives Plants In ChinaFruit Tree, and the Litchi. In addition, some records or data of distribution of litchi were collected from full-text database of the CNKI China periodical and SDOS full-text electronic journals（Elsevier full-text electronic journals）. The geo-referencing methods based on an index of the Atlas of the People＇s Repub-lic of China, and Arc GIS 9.3 software was used to draw the distributions of litchi. The relationships between the dis

关 键 词：荔枝 地理分布 气候要素 关键因子 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]